Dynamics of a <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> infective endocarditis simulation model

Schwartz, Franziska Angelika; Nielsen, Luna; Andersen, Jessica Struve; Bock, Magnus; Christophersen, Lars; Sunnerhagen, Torgny; Lerche, Christian; Bay, Lene; Bundgaard, Henning; Høiby, Niels; Moser, Claus

doi:10.1111/apm.13231

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…The authors were able to follow the development of the biofilm under the microscope by viewing bacterial aggregates growing on the IE vegetation model and the interaction with the antibiotic. The formation of mature and antibiotic-tolerant biofilms was recorded after 6 h, thus accelerating screening for optimal treatment strategies for IE [ 108 ].…”

Section: Microbiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Infective Endocarditis in High-Income Countries

et al. 2022

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Infective endocarditis remains an illness that carries a significant burden to healthcare resources. In recent times, there has been a shift from Streptococcus sp. to Staphylococcus sp. as the primary organism of interest. This has significant consequences, given the virulence of Staphylococcus and its propensity to form a biofilm, rendering non-surgical therapy ineffective. In addition, antibiotic resistance has affected treatment of this organism. The cohorts at most risk for Staphylococcal endocarditis are elderly patients with multiple comorbidities. The innovation of transcatheter technologies alongside other cardiac interventions such as implantable devices has contributed to the increased risk attributable to this cohort. We examined the pathophysiology of infective endocarditis carefully. Inter alia, the determinants of Staphylococcus aureus virulence, interaction with host immunity, as well as the discovery and emergence of a potential vaccine, were investigated. Furthermore, the potential role of prophylactic antibiotics during dental procedures was also evaluated. As rates of transcatheter device implantation increase, endocarditis is expected to increase, especially in this high-risk group. A high level of suspicion is needed alongside early initiation of therapy and referral to the heart team to improve outcomes.

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Section: Microbiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Infective Endocarditis in High-Income Countries

et al. 2022

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“…The investigators followed the biofilm development under the microscope by observing the bacterial aggregates growing on the IE vegetation model and the interaction with the antibiotic. The generation of mature, antibiotic-resistant biofilms were recorded six hours later, thus precipitating screening for optimal treatment strategies for IE [ 90 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host–Bacterium Interaction Mechanisms in Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis: A Systematic Review

Nappi

Singh

2023

IJMS

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Staphylococci sp. are the most commonly associated pathogens in infective endocarditis, especially within high-income nations. This along with the increasing burden of healthcare, aging populations, and the protracted infection courses, contribute to a significant challenge for healthcare systems. A systematic review was conducted using relevant search criteria from PubMed, Ovid’s version of MEDLINE, and EMBASE, and data were tabulated from randomized controlled trials (RCT), observational cohort studies, meta-analysis, and basic research articles. The review was registered with the OSF register of systematic reviews and followed the PRISMA reporting guidelines. Thirty-five studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final systematic review. The role of Staphylococcus aureus and its interaction with the protective shield and host protection functions was identified and highlighted in several studies. The interaction between infective endocarditis pathogens, vascular endothelium, and blood constituents was also explored, giving rise to the potential use of antiplatelets as preventative and/or curative agents. Several factors allow Staphylococcus aureus infections to proliferate within the host with numerous promoting and perpetuating agents. The complex interaction with the hosts’ innate immunity also potentiates its virulence. The goal of this study is to attain a better understanding on the molecular pathways involved in infective endocarditis supported by S. aureus and whether therapeutic avenues for the prevention and treatment of IE can be obtained. The use of antibiotic-treated allogeneic tissues have marked antibacterial action, thereby becoming the ideal substitute in native and prosthetic valvular infections. However, the development of effective vaccines against S. aureus still requires in-depth studies.

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“…This is due to its powerful antiplatelet activity and well-known antibacterial activity. In addition, a more recent study using a mouse model reported a significant capacity of ticagrelor to eradicate Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia [ 205 , 206 , 207 ].…”

Section: Point and Counterpointmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Knowledge of Enterococcal Endocarditis: A Disease Lurking in Plain Sight of Health Providers

Nappi

2024

Pathogens

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Enterococcus faecalis is a bacterial pathogen that can cause opportunistic infections. Studies indicate that initial biofilm formation plays a crucial regulatory role in these infections, as well as in colonising and maintaining the gastrointestinal tract as a commensal member of the microbiome of most land animals. It has long been thought that vegetation of endocarditis resulting from bacterial attachment to the endocardial endothelium requires some pre-existing tissue damage, and in animal models of experimental endocarditis, mechanical valve damage is typically induced by cardiac catheterisation preceding infection. This section reviews historical and contemporary animal model studies that demonstrate the ability of E. faecalis to colonise the undamaged endovascular endothelial surface directly and produce robust microcolony biofilms encapsulated within a bacterially derived extracellular matrix. This report reviews both previous and current animal model studies demonstrating the resilient capacity of E. faecalis to colonise the undamaged endovascular endothelial surface directly and produce robust microcolony biofilms encapsulated in a bacterially derived extracellular matrix. The article also considers the morphological similarities when these biofilms develop on different host sites, such as when E. faecalis colonises the gastrointestinal epithelium as a commensal member of the common vertebrate microbiome, lurking in plain sight and transmitting systemic infection. These phenotypes may enable the organism to survive as an unrecognised infection in asymptomatic subjects, providing an infectious resource for subsequent clinical process of endocarditis.

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Dynamics of a Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis simulation model

Cited by 9 publications

References 36 publications

Infective Endocarditis in High-Income Countries

Infective Endocarditis in High-Income Countries

Host–Bacterium Interaction Mechanisms in Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis: A Systematic Review

Current Knowledge of Enterococcal Endocarditis: A Disease Lurking in Plain Sight of Health Providers

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