Dynamics and peculiarities of anthrax occurrence on the territory of the Republic of Tyva

Abstract

The results of the study of epizootic welfare in the sharply continental climate of Eastern Siberia are presented. Materials of statistical reports of the District Veterinary Departments and the Veterinary Supervision Service of the Republic of Tyva, and the information from the Goskomstat (State Statistics Committee) were used for the research. It was noted that during the period under study (1933-2022) the region was officially considered stationary unfavorable, anthrax was registered in 199 unfavorable points on the territory of 13 administrative districts and Kyzyl. The reason for the spread of epizootics was the presence of a large number of soil foci of infection in the region. As a result of a retrospective analysis of the dynamics and peculiarities of anthrax occurrence in the republic over the ten-year periods, it was established that the epizootics of maximum intensity occurred in 1933-1982. In the next two decades, 1983-2002, epizootics of medium intensity were recorded. Minimum character of anthrax epizootic situation is observed in the last two decades from 2003 to 2022, which demonstrates a pronounced positive tendency to reduce the tension of the epizootic situation. Sporadic outbreaks of anthrax are currently occurring due to the activation of soil foci of infection, which indicates a stationary problem of the region. When zoning the territory of Tuva Republic according to anthrax epizootic activity for 1933-2022 the first group of districts (maximum epizootic activity) includes Barun-Khemchiksky, Dzun-Khemchiksky, Ulug-Khemsky, Tes-Khemsky, Tandinsky, Erzinsky, Chaa-Kholsky, Ovursky districts and the territory of Kyzyl. The second group (with an average level of epizootic activity) includes Bai-Taiginsky, Kaa-Khemsky, Pii-Khemsky, Kyzylsky and Todzhinsky districts. The third group (with minimal risk of epizootic activity) includes anthrax-free Mongun-Taiginsky, Sut-Holsky, Chedi-Holsky and Tere-Holsky districts.