Dynamics and Kinetics of Metal Atoms in the Gas Phase

Abstract

The review is divided into four sections. We first consider the varied behavior of K n2S and n2D states in their chemical reactivity and physical characterization. We review the effect of orbital alignment of an electronically excited metal atom on the cross section of energy transfer or chemical reaction, and report the technique of a single supersonic jet employed to measure this effect on the Ca spin‐changing collision. We discuss the effects of temperature and isotopic mass on the distribution of rotational quantum number of the product MgH to identify the reaction mechanism of Mg(1P1) + H2. The final concerns are the quantum yield, fine‐structure branching ratio and rate of collisional mixing for the K 2PJ doublets following photodissociation of KI at 193 nm.

Recent applications of atomic spectroscopy coupled with magnetic solid‐phase extraction techniques for heavy metal determination in environmental samples: A review

“…The manifestation of metal atoms and their measurements play crucial roles in the study of environmental and biological effects resulting from heavy metal exposure. [1][2][3] Heavy metals are naturally existing metals in the Earth's crust. [4][5][6] Heavy metals are also considered trace elements because of their occurrence at trace levels Abbreviations: AAS, atomic absorption spectrometry; AFS, atomic fluorescence spectrometry; CoFe 2 O 4 , cobalt ferrite; ETAAS, electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry; FeCl 2 Á4H 2 O, ferrous chloride tetrahydrate; FeCl 3 Á6H 2 O, ferric chloride hexahydrate; GFAAS, graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry; GO, graphene oxide; HCl, hydrochloric acid; HNO 3 , nitric acid; ICP-MS, including inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; ICP-OES, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry; L-Cys, L-Cysteine; MgFe 2 O 4 , magnesium ferrite; MNPs, magnetic nanoparticles; MOFs, magnetic metal-organic frameworks; MPOPs, magnetic-based porous organic polymers; MSPE, magnetic solid phase extraction; MWCNTs, multiwalled carbon nanotubes; PAMAM, polyamidoamine; PANI, polyaniline; PPy, polypyrrole; PS, polystyrene; SiO 2 , silicon dioxide; SPE, solid-phase extraction; UA-D-MSPE, ultrasound-assisted dispersive magnetic solid-phase extraction.…”