Dynamics and impact of perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus in North India

Nayak, N. C.; Panda, Subrat Kumar; Bhan, M. K.; Guha, Dipak; Zuckerman, Arie J.

doi:10.1002/jmv.1890210205

Cited by 84 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…[49][50][51][52] A large study involving 8575 pregnant women from Northern India, documented HBsAg carrier rate in antenatal mothers to be 3.7%, HBeAg carrier rate 7.8% and vertical transmission was observed in 18.6%. 53 However, a recent study by Dwivedi et al 54 has shown a lower prevalence rate of 0.9%. Moreover, unlike most studies showing lower levels of HBeAg positivity in HBV infected pregnant women, 8,53 Dwivedi et al 54 reported a high replicative rate, with 56.8% of the patients being HBeAg positive.…”

Section: Pregnant Womenmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…53 However, a recent study by Dwivedi et al 54 has shown a lower prevalence rate of 0.9%. Moreover, unlike most studies showing lower levels of HBeAg positivity in HBV infected pregnant women, 8,53 Dwivedi et al 54 reported a high replicative rate, with 56.8% of the patients being HBeAg positive.…”

Section: Pregnant Womenmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…53 However the knowledge of dynamics of HBV transmission is imprecise and the role of perinatal transmission and horizontal transmission of this disease among children is based on inadequate evidence. The contribution by vertical transmission may be underestimated if we look at the high prevalence of replicative markers in HBsAg-positive pregnant women as reported by Dwivedi et al 54,96 Sexual Transmission HBV can be transmitted through sexual intercourse.…”

Section: Perinatal Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tackling the Hepatitis B Disease Burden in India

Puri

2014

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology

119

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Globally, approximately 240 people have been infected worldwide with hepatitis B Virus (HBV). India has approximately HBV carrier rate of 3.0% with a high prevalence rate in the tribal population. With a population of more than 1.25 billion, India has more than 37 million HBV carriers and contributes a large proportion of this HBV burden. While horizontal transmission in childhood appears to be a major route of transmission, the role of vertical transmission is probably underestimated. Blood transfusion and unsafe therapeutic injections continue to be important modes of transmission of HBV. There is a need for large field studies to better understand HBV epidemiology and identify high prevalence areas, and public health measures to prevent disease transmission and decrease the burden of the disease. ( J CLIN EXP HEPATOL 2014;4:312-319)

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Section: Pregnant Womenmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Pregnant Womenmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Perinatal Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tackling the Hepatitis B Disease Burden in India

Puri

2014

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology

119

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“…The overall chronic HBsAg positivity rate is often quoted as being 4.7%. 5 In India, the prevalence rate of HBsAg positivity in pregnant women in studies before 1990s varies from 2.6 to 9.5%, [6][7][8][9][10][11] whereas more recent studies have reported HBsAg positivity among pregnant women ranging from 0.8 to 1.1%. [12][13][14] The HBeAg positivity among HBsAg positive pregnant women have varied widely from 4.8% to 68.7%.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection Among Pregmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Pregnancy

Kumar

Singh

Sinha

2012

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology

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Planning of pregnancy and management of chronic hepatitis B virus during pregnancy includes recognition of maternal virological status, assessment of liver disease severity and minimization of risk for mother to infant transmission of infection. Decisions regarding the use of antivirals during pregnancy need to be individualized. Monitoring for infection and immunization in newborns is also important. For mothers on antiviral therapy, breastfeeding is not recommended. ( J CLIN EXP HEPATOL 2012;2:366-381) A pproximately 400 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) worldwide, 1 and almost half have acquired their infections either through mother to infant transmission or in early childhood, especially in countries where HBV has intermediate to high prevalence.2 In Asia, 8%-10% of the population is chronically infected with HBV, and up to 50% of new cases of hepatitis B infection are due to mother to infant transmission.3 In contrast, the majority of new hepatitis B cases in developed countries are the result of horizontal transmission in adulthood. Before the adoption of standard passive-active immunoprophylaxis treatment, approximately 70%-90% of infants born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive mothers became chronically infected with HBV. 4 The mother to infant transmission rate was reduced to 5%-10% when infants received appropriate postnatal hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg) and a series of HBV vaccines. However, despite passive-active immunoprophylaxis provided to infants, up to 8%-30% of infants born to highly viremic mothers still become infected with HBV (Figures 1-3). This review will address several issues important to chronic hepatitis B virus infection and pregnancy including effect of pregnancy on chronic HBV infection, effect of chronic HBV infection on pregnancy, mother to infant transmission, safety data on HBV antivirals during pregnancy, management of chronic HBV infection in women who desire pregnancy or become pregnant while taking antivirals. PREVALENCE OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN INDIAThe prevalence of chronic HBV infection varies widely, with rates ranging from 0.1% to 20% in different parts of the world.2 "High" prevalence (HBsAg positivity rates > 8%) regions include the Asia (except Japan), parts of the Middle East, sub-Saharan Africa, and the Amazon basin. "Intermediate" (2%-7% HBsAg positive) prevalence regions include, the Indian subcontinent, parts of central Asia and the Middle East, Eastern and Southern Europe, as well as parts of South America. "Low" prevalence (<2% HBsAg positive) regions include the United States, Northern Europe, Australia, Japan and the southern part of South America. Overall, 45% of the world population lives in "high" prevalence regions.The HBsAg positivity rate of Hepatitis B in India is different in the different regions of the country. The overall chronic HBsAg positivity rate is often quoted as being 4.7%.5 In India, the prevalence rate of HBsAg...

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“…Comparison of three different recombinant hepatitis B vaccines: GeneVac-B, Engerix B and Shanvac B in high risk infants born to HBsAg positive mothers in India the envelop antigen, the risk of transmission is significantly lower [6][7][8][9] . Screening for HBV among pregnant women is not routine in India, as hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) is not affordable and hence prevention of hepatitis B carriage from perinatal transmission must rely on vaccine alone.…”

Section: Rapid Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%