Dynamics and Evolution of Marine Populations with Pelagic Larval Dispersal

Roughgarden, Joan; Gaines, S.; Iwasa, Yoh

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-70157-3_5

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…These capabilities either are not realized in the field for B. glandula or combining a relatively large number of larvae with individually complex behaviors may make the aggregate phenomenon describable by a simple expression. Nonetheless, the finding supports the use ofmass action formulae in efforts to model the dynamics of marine populations (14,15).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…A model for the demography and population dynamics of an open population with space-limited recruitment has recently been proposed for marine populations like barnacles (14)(15)(16)(17) This study also confirms a key assumption of the openpopulation demographic model, that settlement to vacant space can be treated as a process in which the rate of settlement in a quadrat is proportional to the fraction of vacant space in it, with a constant of proportionality specific to location and time (including season). Further, this study reveals that disturbance (mortality that removes space-occupying organisms) is a cover-dependent process for barnacles subject to predation by the starfish Pisaster ochraceus and that the cover-independent component of survivorship is independent of age for at least the first 60 weeks of life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Larval settlement rate: A leading determinant of structure in an ecological community of the marine intertidal zone

Gaines

Roughgarden

1985

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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716

500

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Field studies demonstrate that the population structure of the barnacle Balanus glandula differs between locations of high and low larval settlement rate. These observations, together with results from a model for the demography of an open, space-limited population, suggest that the settlement rate may be a more important determinant of rocky intertidal community structure than is presently realized. Locations with a low larval settlement rate exhibit a generally low abundance of barnacles that varies slightly within years and greatly between years, reflecting yearly differences in settlement. Locations with a high-settlement rate exhibit a generally high abudance of barnacles. However, the abundance varies greatly within years with a significant oscillatory component (period, 30 weeks) and only slightly between years regardless of yearly differences in settlement. At the low-settlement location mortality of barnacles is independent ofthe area occupied by barnacles. At the high-settlement location mortality is cover-dependent due to increased predation by starfish on areas of high barnacle cover. In both locations the coverindependent component of mortality does not vary with age during the first 60 weeks. As assumed in the demographic model, the kinetics of larval settlement can be described as a process in which the rate of settlement to a quadrat is proportional to the fraction of vacant space within the quadrat. Generalizations that the highest species diversity in a rocky intertidal community is found at locations of intermediate disturbance, and that competition causes zonation between species of the barnacle genera Balanus and Chthamalus, seem to apply only to locations with high-settlement rates.Many members of ecological communities in the marine intertidal zone have a life history consisting of pelagically dispersed larvae and sessile, space-limited adults. Familiar examples include barnacles and mussels (1-5). Larval phases as short as 2-3 weeks may lead to transport oflarvae in excess of 100 km (6-10). As a result, recruitment to a local section of the shore is from larvae that likely originated at other sites. Hence, a local section of shore is an open population that is not satisfactorily treated by the models of primarily closed populations applied to terrestrial ecological communities over the last decade (11)(12)(13) This study also confirms a key assumption of the openpopulation demographic model, that settlement to vacant space can be treated as a process in which the rate of settlement in a quadrat is proportional to the fraction of vacant space in it, with a constant of proportionality specific to location and time (including season). Further, this study reveals that disturbance (mortality that removes space-occupying organisms) is a cover-dependent process for barnacles subject to predation by the starfish Pisaster ochraceus and that the cover-independent component of survivorship is independent of age for at least the first 60 weeks of life.Finally, we note that the importance of t...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larval settlement rate: A leading determinant of structure in an ecological community of the marine intertidal zone

Gaines

Roughgarden

1985

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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716

500

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“…Recruitment of L. polaris is probably more stable because of its benthic mode of reproduction (Himmelman et al 1982, Boivin et al 1986. A number of studies of marine invertebrates also suggest that interactions between competing species will depend more on recruitment rates than on the reproductive success of sub-populations (Underwood & Denley 1984, Roughgarden et al 1984, Connolly & Roughgarden 1999. Finally, although A. vulgaris may be dominant, L. polaris may have some advantages over A. vulgaris.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of intra- and interspecific interactions on the feeding behavior of two subtidal sea stars

Gaymer¹,

Himmelman

Johnson³

2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Competition and its effects are difficult to demonstrate, as they vary depending on the species present and the environmental conditions in each community. We conducted laboratory and field experiments to evaluate the effects of intra-and interspecific interactions on the use of food resources and behavior of the sea stars Leptasterias polaris and Asterias vulgaris, 2 major predators in subtidal communities of the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence. We demonstrate interference (encounter) competition between the two. For both species, the presence of the other (as detected by both contact and chemical signals) decreased feeding activity and provoked behavioral changes (avoidance, decrease in percentage feeding). These effects were reversible and short-lived, and were more pronounced when there was a shortage of food and when sea stars were exposed to simulated attacks by the other species (involving pedicellarial pinching). L. polaris seemed to be the inferior competitor as (1) it switched to less profitable prey size (smaller mussels, Mytilus edulis) when A. vulgaris was present, and (2) it avoided A. vulgaris and reduced its feeding activity when food was scarce. The dominance of A. vulgaris is possibly attenuated at our study site (near its northern distributional limit) by the reduction of its fitness when water temperatures are low (most of the year) and during the winter when it migrates to deeper water. Competition for food resources seems to occur periodically (mainly summer), in localized areas (patches and beds of mussels) or when sea stars form dense aggregations in which they are likely to interact frequently. Interactions, and thus the chance of competition, are less likely at greater depths. Coexistence seems to be permitted by both the attenuation of the dominance of A. vulgaris and by the great variations in how L. polaris and A. vulgaris interact (strongly affected by variations in prey availability, sea star abundance, and in the patterns of prey use by both sea stars).

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“…Because day length is highest in June, a high significant lag of 0 mo translates into a vital rate peak in June, a lag of -1 indicates a vital rate peak in July, and so on. Statistics for significant relationships are presented in bold; ns: not seasonal population limited by such factors as availability of space or food for intertidal-phase juveniles or adults, the number of recruits over a certain threshold has little effect on the total number of individuals that can be supported in the population (Roughgarden et al 1984, Connell 1985, Menge 2000, and the mortality rate of the new recruits depends on their density.…”

Section: Recruitment Limitation and Density-dependencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although these issues have been addressed for sessile, hard-substrate, intertidal invertebrates (Roughgarden et al 1984, Connell 1985, Menge 2000 and subtidal reef fishes (Victor 1983, Doherty and Fowler 1984, Forrester 1990, Jones 1990, Schmitt & Holbrook 2000, only a few studies have focused on rocky intertidal fishes (Pfister 1996(Pfister , 1998. Several fundamental differences in habitat and lifestyle between these groups may influence the circumstances affecting population regulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of pre-recruitment life-history stages to population dynamics of the woolly sculpin Clinocottus analis

Davis¹,

Levin²

2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Dynamics and Evolution of Marine Populations with Pelagic Larval Dispersal

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

Larval settlement rate: A leading determinant of structure in an ecological community of the marine intertidal zone

Larval settlement rate: A leading determinant of structure in an ecological community of the marine intertidal zone

Effect of intra- and interspecific interactions on the feeding behavior of two subtidal sea stars

Importance of pre-recruitment life-history stages to population dynamics of the woolly sculpin Clinocottus analis

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