Dynamics and diversity of mosquito vectors of Japanese encephalitis virus in Kandal province, Cambodia

Boyer, Sébastien; Peng, Borin; Pang, Senglong; Chevalier, Véronique; Duong, Veasna; Gorman, Christopher; Dussart, Philippe; Fontenille, Didier; Cappelle, Julien

doi:10.1016/j.aspen.2020.08.018

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Previous entomological studies performed in rural and peri-urban Cambodian areas showed a high mosquito species diversity [ 46 , 51 ]. Our results confirm the presence of a significant number of mosquito species present around human habitats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cx. vishnui has already been described as predominant in Cambodia [ 46 ] and is known to be involved in the transmission of JEV even if no vector competence study has yet demonstrated it formally. Cx vishnui was detected positive with JEV in India, Malaysia and India [ 33 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blood fed mosquitoes were caught in the same area, Kbal Chhroy village, at the same household in 2015–2016 using light traps [ 46 ] and conserved at −20 °C. In 2018, all blood-fed females ( n = 157) were analyzed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using specific primers for the most abundant animals living in the close vicinity of the household, namely pigs, human, cows, chickens, and dogs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…quinquefasciatus [ 14 ]. A second study investigated the population dynamics of different mosquito vector species mentioned above and showed a high relative abundance throughout the year with a significant abundance peak at the end of the rainy season [ 46 ]. Lastly, in Cambodia again, JEV genotype I was detected in Cx.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Host-Feeding Preference and Diel Activity of Mosquito Vectors of the Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Rural Cambodia

et al. 2021

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Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is the most important cause of human encephalitis in Southeast Asia, and this zoonosis is mainly transmitted from pigs to human by mosquitoes. A better understanding of the host-feeding preference of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) major vectors is crucial for identifying risk areas, defining bridge vector species and targeting adapted vector control strategies. To assess host-feeding preference of JE vectors in a rural Cambodian area where JE is known to circulate, in 2017, we implemented four sessions of mosquito trapping (March, June, September, December), during five consecutive nights, collecting four times a night (6 p.m. to 6 a.m.), and using five baited traps simultaneously, i.e., cow, chicken, pig, human, and a blank one for control. In addition, blood meals of 157 engorged females trapped at the same location were opportunistically analyzed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using cow, pig, human, and dog blood primers. More than 95% of the 36,709 trapped mosquitoes were potential JE vectors. These vectors were trapped in large numbers throughout the year, including during the dry season, and from 6 p.m. to 6 a.m. Despite the apparent host-feeding preference of Culex vishnui, Cx. gelidus, and Cx. tritaenhyorhincus for cows, statistical analysis suggested that the primary target of these three mosquito species were pigs. Dog blood was detected in eight mosquitoes of the 157 tested, showing that mosquitoes also bite dogs, and suggesting that dogs may be used as proxy of the risk for human to get infected by JE virus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Host-Feeding Preference and Diel Activity of Mosquito Vectors of the Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Rural Cambodia

et al. 2021

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“…This model was built to allow computing R 0 and to analyse the epidemiological equilibrium situation. For this reason, and since previous studies conducted in the study area had shown high abundance of JEV vectors [ 40 , 44 , 45 ] and an intense circulation of the virus (seroconversion before 4 months of age in sentinel piglets, on average) [ 44 , 45 ], we chose to implement the model as a deterministic system, using ordinary differential equations. A detailed model description is given in S1 File .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling Japanese encephalitis virus transmission dynamics and human exposure in a Cambodian rural multi-host system

2022

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Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a vector-borne zoonosis and the leading cause of human viral encephalitis in Asia. Its transmission cycle is usually described as involving wild birds as reservoirs and pigs as amplifying hosts. JE is endemic in Cambodia, where it circulates in areas with low pig densities (<70 pigs per km2), and could be maintained in a multi-host system composed of pigs, but also poultry as competent hosts, and dogs, cattle and humans as non-competent hosts. We used a mathematical model representing Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) transmission in a traditional Cambodian village that we calibrated with field data collected in 3 districts of Kandal province, Cambodia. First, R0 calculations allowed us to assess the capacity of the epidemiological system to be invaded by JEV and sustain virus transmission in villages in the 3 districts, and we predicted human exposure at the epidemiological equilibrium, based on simulations. Changes in spatial density of livestock, in agricultural practices, and epizootics (e.g., African swine fever), can profoundly alter the composition of host communities, which could affect JEV transmission and its impact on human health. In a second step, we then used the model to analyse how host community composition affected R0 and the predicted human exposure. Lastly, we evaluated the potential use of dog JE seroprevalence as an indicator of human exposure to JEV. In the modeled villages, the calculated R0 ranged from 1.07 to 1.38. Once the equilibrium reached, predicted annual probability of human exposure ranged from 9% to 47%, and predicted average age at infection was low, between 2 and 11 years old, highlighting the risk of severe forms of JEV infection and the need to intensify child immunization. According to the model, increasing the proportion of competent hosts induced a decrease in age at infection. The simulations also showed that JEV could invade a multi-host system with no pigs, reinforcing the assumption of poultry acting as reservoirs. Finally, the annual human exposure probability appeared linearly correlated with dog seroprevalence, suggesting that in our specific study area, dog seroprevalence would be a good proxy for human exposure.

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Mosquito diversity (Diptera: Culicidae) and medical importance, in a bird sanctuary inside the flooded forest of Prek Toal, Cambodia

Maquart

Sokha²,

Boyer

2021

Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology

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Dynamics and diversity of mosquito vectors of Japanese encephalitis virus in Kandal province, Cambodia

Cited by 11 publications

References 30 publications

Host-Feeding Preference and Diel Activity of Mosquito Vectors of the Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Rural Cambodia

Host-Feeding Preference and Diel Activity of Mosquito Vectors of the Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Rural Cambodia

Modelling Japanese encephalitis virus transmission dynamics and human exposure in a Cambodian rural multi-host system

Mosquito diversity (Diptera: Culicidae) and medical importance, in a bird sanctuary inside the flooded forest of Prek Toal, Cambodia

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