Dynamics and Control of Reactive Distillation Configurations for Acetic Acid Esterification

Control of reactive distillation columns for amyl acetate production using dilute acetic acid

“…The measure ranges from 0 to 1, φ N = 0 implies a linear process and φ N = 1 means a highly nonlinear system. Following Hung et al (2005a), we only consider steady-state (e.g., can be viewed as the nonlinearity measure for a static function) and the upper bound of the nonlinear measure can be computed from:…”

“…In this work, the 2-norm is used to compute φ N and each manipulated variable is considered separately. The detailed definition and derivation are given in Hung et al (2005a).…”

“…In this section, a systematic approach (Hung, 2005a) is used for the control structure design. In order to maintain the stoichiometric balance, two temperatures are controlled.…”

“…It can be seen that the heat input is paired with an upper section tray temperature and a lower section tray temperature is controlled by the feed ratio (e.g., T 34 -Q R & T 16 -FR for the case of 100 wt% HAc feed). Also note that a large reset time is associated with the feed ratio (FR) loop and the reset time for the heat input loop is relatively small (Hung et al, 2005a;Cheng and Yu, 2005). This implies slow integration is employed to prevent possible stoichiometric imbalance.…”

Multiobjective optimization of reactive distillation with thermal coupling using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II

“…The books by Doherty and Malone (2001) and Sundmacher and Kienle (2003) give updated summaries in the field. The review paper of Taylor and Krishna (2000) describes potential advantages, modeling, simulation, and hardware configurations of reactive distillation (Hung et al, 2006). Several approaches have been proposed to develop alternatives with energy savings.…”