Dynamically controlled double-well optical potential for colloidal particles

Studies of microscopic nonequilibrium stochastic dynamics in optical tweezers

“…The motivation stemmed from its various applications, such as Kramers' theory and Landauer's principle (24)(25), making this type of double-well optical potential a good starting point. The first experimental tests led to the creation of multiple traps and the initial results are provided in (65). Despite good control of the beam's position, the condition for bistable operation (Krammer's transitions) could not be easily achieved; therefore, the research path was eventually changed.…”

Studies of stochastic thermodynamics with optical tweezers

“…Figure31 -V (x, 0) (solid/blue) and V (x, π) (dashed/red). Initially, the particle is in thermal equilibrium in one of the potential wells of V (x, 0).…”