Dynamical response of the middle atmosphere to solar proton event of July 2000: Three-dimensional model simulations

Krivolutsky, A. A.; Klyuchnikova, A.; Zakharov, G. R.; Vyushkova, T.; Kuminov, A. A.

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2005.05.115

Cited by 70 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The terrestrial climate is primarily driven by solar forcing, but several solar cycles of data would be required to evaluate the effects of long-term change in space weather conditions on turbulence in the upper atmosphere. A number of case studies have been reported, however, that indicate how space weather events affect the middle atmosphere (Jackman et al, 2005;Krivolutsky et al, 2006). One recurring mechanism is forced change in stratospheric chemistry (in particular, destruction and production of ozone and hydroxyl); the associated perturbations in temperature structure adjust the static stability of the atmosphere through which gravity waves propagate before reaching the mesosphere.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in turbopause altitude at 52 and 70° N

Hall¹,

Holmen

Meek

et al. 2016

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. The turbopause is the demarcation between atmospheric mixing by turbulence (below) and molecular diffusion (above). When studying concentrations of trace species in the atmosphere, and particularly long-term change, it may be important to understand processes present, together with their temporal evolution that may be responsible for redistribution of atmospheric constituents. The general region of transition between turbulent and molecular mixing coincides with the base of the ionosphere, the lower region in which molecular oxygen is dissociated, and, at high latitude in summer, the coldest part of the whole atmosphere.This study updates previous reports of turbopause altitude, extending the time series by half a decade, and thus shedding new light on the nature of change over solar-cycle timescales. Assuming there is no trend in temperature, at 70 • N there is evidence for a summer trend of ∼ 1.6 km decade −1 , but for winter and at 52 • N there is no significant evidence for change at all. If the temperature at 90 km is estimated using meteor trail data, it is possible to estimate a cooling rate, which, if applied to the turbopause altitude estimation, fails to alter the trend significantly irrespective of season.The observed increase in turbopause height supports a hypothesis of corresponding negative trends in atomic oxygen density, [O]. This supports independent studies of atomic oxygen density, [O], using mid-latitude time series dating from 1975, which show negative trends since 2002.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in turbopause altitude at 52 and 70° N

Hall¹,

Holmen

Meek

et al. 2016

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…Such chemical changes are usually reasonably represented in global chemistry climate models (e.g. Semeniuk et al, 2005;Krivolutsky et al, 2006;Jackman et al, 2008). However, the issue of a possible influence of energetic particles, mostly GCR, on cloud and aerosol properties in the lower atmosphere (lower stratosphere and troposphere) is still debated (e.g.…”

Section: A Mironova Et Al: Effect Of Sep On Stratospheric Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible effect of extreme solar energetic particle event of 20 January 2005 on polar stratospheric aerosols: direct observational evidence

Mironova

Usoskin

Kovaltsov³

et al. 2012

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Energetic cosmic rays are the main source of ionization of the low-middle atmosphere, leading to associated changes in atmospheric properties. Via the hypothetical influence of ionization on aerosol growth and facilitated formation of clouds, this may be an important indirect link relating solar variability to climate. This effect is highly debated, however, since the proposed theoretical mechanisms still remain illusive and qualitative, and observational evidence is inconclusive and controversial. Therefore, important questions regarding the existence and magnitude of the effect, and particularly the fraction of aerosol particles that can form and grow, are still open. Here we present empirical evidence of the possible effect caused by cosmic rays upon polar stratospheric aerosols, based on a case study of an extreme solar energetic particle (SEP) event of 20 January 2005. Using aerosol data obtained over polar regions from different satellites with optical instruments that were operating during January 2005, such as the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III (SAGE III), and Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imaging System (OSIRIS), we found a significant simultaneous change in aerosol properties in both the Southern and Northern Polar regions in temporal association with the SEP event. We speculate that ionization of the atmosphere, which was abnormally high in the lower stratosphere during the extreme SEP event, might have led to formation of new particles and/or growth of preexisting ultrafine particles in the polar stratospheric region. However, a detailed interpretation of the effect is left for subsequent studies. This is the first time high vertical resolution measurements have been used to discuss possible production of stratospheric aerosols under the influence of cosmic ray induced ionization. The observed effect is marginally detectable for the analyzed severe SEP event and can be undetectable for the majority of weak-moderate events. The present interpretation serves as a conservative upper limit of solar energetic particle effect upon polar stratospheric aerosols.

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“…More details concerning the chemical 3-D model can be found in Krivolutsky and Vyushkova (2002). This model was used to study the response in composition and dynamics after the July 2000 SPE (Krivolutsky et al, 2006). The CAO simulation included in this study covers the period 26 October-4 November.…”

Section: Caomentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition changes after the "Halloween" solar proton event: the High Energy Particle Precipitation in the Atmosphere (HEPPA) model versus MIPAS data intercomparison study

et al. 2011

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spheric models to reproduce observed atmospheric perturbations generated by SPEs, particularly with respect to NO y and ozone changes. We have further assessed the meteorological conditions and their implications for the chemical response to the SPE in both the models and observations by comparing temperature and tracer (CH 4 and CO) fields.Simulated SPE-induced ozone losses agree on average within 5 % with the observations. Simulated NO y enhancements around 1 hPa, however, are typically 30 % higher than indicated by the observations which are likely to be related to deficiencies in the used ionization rates, though other error sources related to the models' atmospheric background state and/or transport schemes cannot be excluded. The analysis of the observed and modeled NO y partitioning in the aftermath of the SPE has demonstrated the need to implement additional ion chemistry (HNO 3 formation via ion-ion recombination and water cluster ions) into the chemical schemes. An overestimation of observed H 2 O 2 enhancements by all models hints at an underestimation of the OH/HO 2 ratio in the upper polar stratosphere during the SPE. The analysis of chlorine species perturbations has shown that the encountered Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 9090 B. Funke et al.: HEPPA intercomparison study differences between models and observations, particularly the underestimation of observed ClONO 2 enhancements, are related to a smaller availability of ClO in the polar night region already before the SPE. In general, the intercomparison has demonstrated that differences in the meteorology and/or initial state of the atmosphere in the simulations cause a relevant variability of the model results, even on a short timescale of only a few days.

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Dynamical response of the middle atmosphere to solar proton event of July 2000: Three-dimensional model simulations

Cited by 70 publications

References 26 publications

Change in turbopause altitude at 52 and 70° N

Change in turbopause altitude at 52 and 70° N

Possible effect of extreme solar energetic particle event of 20 January 2005 on polar stratospheric aerosols: direct observational evidence

Composition changes after the "Halloween" solar proton event: the High Energy Particle Precipitation in the Atmosphere (HEPPA) model versus MIPAS data intercomparison study

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Dynamical response of the middle atmosphere to solar proton event of July 2000: Three-dimensional model simulations

Cited by 70 publications

References 26 publications

Change in turbopause altitude at 52 and 70° N

Change in turbopause altitude at 52 and 70° N

Possible effect of extreme solar energetic particle event of 20 January 2005 on polar stratospheric aerosols: direct observational evidence

Composition changes after the &quot;Halloween&quot; solar proton event: the High Energy Particle Precipitation in the Atmosphere (HEPPA) model versus MIPAS data intercomparison study

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Composition changes after the "Halloween" solar proton event: the High Energy Particle Precipitation in the Atmosphere (HEPPA) model versus MIPAS data intercomparison study