Dynamical Instability and Domain Formation in a Spin-1 Bose-Einstein Condensate

Zhang, Wenxian; Zhou, D. L.; Chang, M.-S.; Chapman, Michael; You, Li

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.95.180403

Cited by 109 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…9. The latter constantly appear and disappear in a random sequence [9,16,17,21,35,36]. On the contrary, the ground state domains are stationary and are positioned in the center of the trap.…”

Section: Spin Domains and Dynamical Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, the SMA continued to be used in studies of spinor condensates for its simplicity and validity in a broad range of experimental situations [11,15], in particular when the condensate size is smaller than the spin healing length, which determines the minimum domain size. On the other hand, the dynamical instability, leading to the spontaneous formation of dynamic spin domains, was found to occur in large ferromagnetic condensates prepared in excited initial states [9,[16][17][18], while no such phenomenon was predicted to occur [16] or observed [19] in antiferromagnetic condensates. Similar instabilities were found in the transport of both types of spin-1 condensates in optical lattices [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetic domains in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates

Matuszewski

Alexander

Kivshar

2010

Low Temperature Physics

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We discuss the structure of spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates in the presence of a homogenous magnetic field. We demonstrate that the phase separation can occur in the ground state of antiferromagnetic (polar) condensates, while the spin components of the ferromagnetic condensates are always miscible, and no phase separation occurs. Our analysis predicts that this phenomenon takes place when the energy of the lowest homogenous state is a concave function of the magnetization. We propose a method for generation of spin domains by adiabatic switching of the magnetic field. We also discuss the phenomena of dynamical instability and spin domain formation.

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Section: Spin Domains and Dynamical Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic domains in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates

Matuszewski

Alexander

Kivshar

2010

Low Temperature Physics

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“…Clearly, the magnetic field terms couple all the three modes and cause various types of DIs, including the trivial III S pattern, the common I S [46], and the long-sought I O 's [31,45]. At a relatively large magnetic field, by comparing Fig.…”

Section: Magnetic Field Induced Dynamical Instabilities and Pattmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic-field-induced dynamical instabilities in an antiferromagnetic spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate

Zhang

et al. 2016

Phys. Rev. A

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We theoretically investigate four types of dynamical instability, in particular the periodic and oscillatory type IO, in an anti-ferromagnetic spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate in a nonzero magnetic field, by employing the coupled-mode theory and numerical method. This is in sharp contrast to the dynamical stability of the same system in zero field. Remarkably, a pattern transition from a periodic dynamical instability IO to a uniform one IIIO occurs at a critical magnetic field. All the four types of dynamical instability and the pattern transition are ready to be detected in 23 Na condensates within the availability of the current experimental techniques.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The competition between spin-dependent collisional interactions and quadratic Zeeman effect lies at the heart of spinor BEC physics. It is the driving force behind coherent oscillations in quasi-homogeneous systems 11,12 , and it is responsible for the quantum phase transition associated with the formation of irregular spatial spin structures 13,14 .The wavefunction of a spin-F condensate can be written in terms of a density and a local spinor, ψ m (x) = n(x)ζ m (x), normalized to the total number of particles n(x) dx = N and unity F m=−F |ζ m | 2 = 1 respectively. In the simplest case of a spin-1 condensate, the local meanfield energy associated with ψ is given by g 0 n + g 1 n F 2 .…”

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Spontaneous Pattern Formation in an Antiferromagnetic Quantum Gas

et al. 2010

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Spontaneous pattern formation is a phenomenon ubiquitous in nature, examples ranging from Rayleigh-Benard convection to the emergence of complex organisms from a single cell. In physical systems, pattern formation is generally associated with the spontaneous breaking of translation symmetry and is closely related to other symmetry-breaking phenomena, of which (anti-)ferromagnetism is a prominent example. Indeed, magnetic pattern formation has been studied extensively in both solid-state materials and classical liquids. Here, we report on the spontaneous formation of wave-like magnetic patterns in a spinor BoseEinstein condensate, extending those studies into the domain of quantum gases. We observe characteristic modes across a broad range of the magnetic field acting as a control parameter. Our measurements link pattern formation in these quantum systems to specific unstable modes obtainable from linear stability analysis. These investigations open new prospects for controlled studies of symmetry breaking and the appearance of structures in the quantum domain.Bose-Einstein condensates of alkali atoms such as 87 Rb offer unique opportunities to study classical non-linear effects in the quantum regime [1][2][3][4][5] . Governed by many-body quantum mechanics but subject only to weak interactions due to atomic collisions, Bose-Einstein condensates are very well described by a single-particle wavefunction whose dynamics is given by a non-linear Schrödinger equation known as Gross-Pitaevskii equation. Spinor Bose-Einstein condensates 6,7 in addition make use of the non-zero spin and associated magnetic moment of alkali atoms in their internal ground state. Adding the orientation of this spin as a degree of freedom, non-trivial dynamics arises from the spin-dependence of collisional interactions on the one hand, and interaction of the atomic moments with an external magnetic field on the other hand. Although based on fundamentally different interactions this mechanism effectively adds magnetic properties to the quantum gas, similar to the ones in solid state systems.Indeed the dominant spin dependent interaction term in ultracold atomic collisions is proportional to the product of hyperfine spins F 1 · F 2 and thus reminiscent of the Heisenberg model of solid-state magnetism -this analogy motivated the classification of spinor BEC ground states as ferromagnetic and anti-ferromagnetic in previous experiments [8][9][10] . However, it is worth noting that interactions of ultracold atoms are purely local (usually approximated by a δ-potential), in contrast to the next-neighbor interactions common in solid-state models. Further differences arise 1 arXiv:0904.2339v1 [cond-mat.quant-gas] 15 Apr 2009 from the hyperfine nature of the atomic spin, i.e. its composition of nuclear and electronic spins. First of all, its value can be significantly larger than the electron spin S = 1/2, implying a higher dimensional state space with potentially much richer structure and dynamics. Secondly, the internal structure of hyperfine states...

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Dynamical Instability and Domain Formation in a Spin-1 Bose-Einstein Condensate

Cited by 109 publications

References 38 publications

Magnetic domains in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates

Magnetic domains in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates

Magnetic-field-induced dynamical instabilities in an antiferromagnetic spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate

Spontaneous Pattern Formation in an Antiferromagnetic Quantum Gas

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