Dynamical generation and detection of entanglement in neutral leviton pairs

Dasenbrook, David; Flindt, Christian

doi:10.1103/physrevb.92.161412

Cited by 32 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Embedding this neutral leviton pair production scheme in a Mach–Zehnder electronic interferometer, their entanglement has been theoretically demonstrated and the entanglement detection predicted to be possible in Ref. .…”

Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levitons for electron quantum optics

Glattli

Roulleau

2016

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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Single electron sources enable electron quantum optics experiments where single electrons emitted in a ballistic electronic interferometer plays the role of a single photons emitted in an optical medium in Quantum Optics. A qualitative step has been made with the recent generation of single charge levitons obtained by applying Lorentzian voltage pulse on the contact of the quantum conductor. Simple to realize and operate, the source emits electrons in the form of striking minimal excitation states called levitons. We review the striking properties of levitons and their possible applications in quantum physics to electron interferometry and entanglement. Copyright line will be provided by the publisher 1 Single electron sources In this introduction, we will distinguish single charge sources from coherent single electrons sources. The former have been developed for quantum metrology where the goal is to transfer an integer charge at high frequency f through a conductor with good accuracy to realize a quantized current source whose current I = ef shows metrological accuracy. The latter, the coherent single electrons source, aims at emitting (injecting) a single electron whose wave-function is well defined and controlled to realize further single electron coherent manipulation via quantum gates. The gates are provided by electronic beam-splitters made with Quantum Point Contacts or provided by electronic Mach-Zehnder and FabryProt interferometers. Here it is important that the injected single electron is the only excitation created in the conductor. The frequency f of injection is not chosen to have a large current, as current accuracy is not the goal, but only to get sufficient statistics on the electron transfer events to extract physical information. single charge sources for current standardsThe first manipulation of single charges trace back to the early 90's where physicists took advantage of charge quantization of a submicronic metallic island nearly isolated from leads by tunnel barriers. The finite energy E C = e 2 /2C to charge the small capacitor C with a single charge being larger than temperature (typically one kelvin for

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Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levitons for electron quantum optics

Glattli

Roulleau

2016

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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“…Since two fermions cannot occupy the same state, we introduce an additional degree of freedom that we denote by

σ = \pm

. It could be the spin of the particles , but could equally well be any other degree of freedom such as the nature of the particles (electron or hole) or the times that the particles traverse the QPC . The state obtained by taking two copies of Eq.…”

Section: Dynamic Entanglement Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instead of mixing an incoming electron and an incoming hole at the QPC, the electron–hole entangled state Eq. can be created directly at the QPC: by modulating the QPC transmission

D false(t false)

periodically in time, it is possible to engineer a disturbance of the Fermi sea in such a way that exactly one delocalized electron–hole pair is created . To see this, we consider the time‐dependent scattering matrix of the QPC,

\begin{matrix} right S (t) = ((), \begin{matrix} left r (t) & center d (t) & left \\ left - d (t) & center r (t) & left \end{matrix}) . & center & left \end{matrix}

We choose the transmission and reflection amplitudes as

\begin{matrix} right d (t) & center = & left sin φ (t), \\ right r (t) & center = & left cos φ (t), \end{matrix}

with

φ false(t false)

given by Eq.…”

Section: Electron–hole Entanglementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To formulate our witness, we consider a general two‐particle state incident on the QPC used for the detection,

false| Υ 〉 = \sum_{\overset{i, j = \pm}{α, β = A, B}} Υ_{ij}^{α β} {\overset{A}{true}}_{α, i}^{†} {\overset{A}{true}}_{β, j}^{†} false| 0 〉 .

If the projection of

false| Υ 〉

onto the subspace with one particle per mode is separable,

Υ^{AB}

is a rank‐one matrix. In this case, the zero‐frequency cross‐correlator

S_{34} = 〈 {\overset{I}{true}}_{3} {\overset{I}{true}}_{4} 〉

after the second QPC fulfills the inequality

f \equiv S_{34} - S_{0} false(1 - 2 D_{d} R_{d} false) \leq 0,

where

D_{d}

and

R_{d}

are the transmission and reflection probabilities of the second QPC, and

S_{0}

S_{34}

for

D_{d} = 0

.…”

Section: Electron–hole Entanglementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On‐demand entanglement generation using dynamic single‐electron sources

Hofer

Dasenbrook

Flindt

2016

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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We review our recent proposals for the on-demand generation of entangled few-electron states using dynamic single-electron sources. The generation of entanglement can be traced back to the single-electron entanglement produced by quantum point contacts acting as electronic beam splitters. The coherent partitioning of a single electron leads to entanglement between the two outgoing arms of the quantum point contact. We describe our various approaches for generating and certifying entanglement in dynamic electronic conductors and we quantify the influence of detrimental effects such as finite electronic temperatures and other dephasing mechanisms. The prospects for future experiments are discussed and possible avenues for further developments are identified.Comment: Published version, 11 pages, 7 figures, short review for focus issue on 'Single-electron control in solid-state devices'. in Phys. Status Solidi B (2016

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“…Therefore, they can be annihilated only as a result of inelastic processes, which generally break phase coherence. The elastic collisions of ordinary single electrons and holes do not lead to annihilation [34][35][36][37] unless in specific setups. For instance, where an electron emitted by one source is passed by and reabsorbed by the another source attempting to emit a hole.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractionally Charged Zero-Energy Single-Particle Excitations in a Driven Fermi Sea

Moskalets

2016

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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A voltage pulse of a Lorentzian shape carrying a half of the flux quantum excites out of a zerotemperature Fermi sea an electron in a mixed state, which looks like a quasi-particle with an effectively fractional charge e/2. A prominent feature of such an excitation is a narrow peak in the energy distribution function laying exactly at the Fermi energy µ. Another spectacular feature is that the distribution function has symmetric tails as above as below µ, which results in a zero energy of an excitation. This sounds improbable since at zero temperature all available states below µ are fully occupied. The resolution is lying in the fact that such a voltage pulse excites also electron-hole pairs which free some space below µ and thus allow a zero-energy quasi-particle to exist. I discuss also how to address separately electron-hole pairs and a fractionally charged zero-energy excitation in experiment. Introduction.-Recent realization of a triggered singleelectron source [1-10] opens a new era for a coherent electronics [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] by allowing it to go quantum much like a quantum optics. The analogues of the famous quantum optics effects were successfully demonstrated with single electrons in solid state circuits such as partitioning of electrons [7,[19][20][21] in Hanbury-Brown and Twiss geometry and quantum-statistical repulsion of electrons [7,22] in Hong-Ou-Mandel geometry. Tomography of a singleelectron state [23] and a preparation of few-electron Fock states [20,24,25] are already reported.

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Dynamical generation and detection of entanglement in neutral leviton pairs

Cited by 32 publications

References 49 publications

Levitons for electron quantum optics

Levitons for electron quantum optics

On‐demand entanglement generation using dynamic single‐electron sources

Fractionally Charged Zero-Energy Single-Particle Excitations in a Driven Fermi Sea

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