Dynamical Electroweak Symmetry Breaking

Smetana, Adam

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07073-5_2

Cited by 22 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…According to figure 4, multi-fold gravity scattering amplitude is indeed the square of the kinematic scattering amplitude of the corresponding Yang Mills particle, at least when they are all massless, i.e. above the energy levels of the multi-fold gravity electroweak symmetry breaking energy scales [38].…”

Section: Double Copy Compatibility With Multi-fold Gravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The multi-fold paper [1] proposes contributions to several open problems in physics, like the reconciliation of General Relativity (GR) with Quantum Physics, explaining the origin of gravity proposed as emerging from quantum (EPR-Einstein Podolsky Rosen) entanglement between particles, detailing contributions to dark matter and dark energy, and qualitatively explaining many other Standard Model and Standard Cosmology Model (ΛCDM) mysteries without requiring New Physics beyond the Standard Model other than the addition of gravity to the Standard Model Lagrangian [1,[4][5][6][7][11][12][13][14][15][16]24,25,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]113]. All this is achieved in a multi-fold universe that may well model our real universe, which remains to be validated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the paper, we indicate when key results can have a broader scope. Of course [1,[5][6][7] and [1,[4][5][6][7][11][12][13][14][15][16]24,25,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]113] seem to argue for our real universe being multi-fold (and GR-based).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Multi-folds in Yang Mills Feynman Diagrams

Maes¹

2023

Preprint

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In a multi-fold universe, gravity emerges from Entanglement through the multi-fold mechanisms. As a result, gravity-like effects appear in between entangled particles, whether they be real or virtual. Long range, massless gravity results from entanglement of massless virtual particles. Entanglement of massive virtual particles leads to massive gravity contributions at very smalls scales. Multi-folds mechanisms also result in a spacetime that is discrete, with a random walk fractal structure, and non-commutative geometry that is Lorentz invariant, and where spacetime nodes and particles can be modeled with microscopic black holes. All these recover General Relativity (GR) at large scales, and semi-classical models remain valid till smaller scale than usually expected. Gravity can therefore be added to the Standard Model resulting into what we define as SMG. This can contribute to resolving several open issues with the Standard Model without New Physics other than gravity, i.e. no new particles or forces, or with the standard cosmological model (ΛCDM), in terms of dark matter and dark energy. Multi-folds can be encountered in GR at Plank scales, in spacetime quantization starting from the Hilbert Einstein action, and in the equivalence principle of suitable quantum reference frames in relational quantum physics. Conversely, GR and Quantum physics can be recovered through different paths from multi-fold spacetime reconstruction and the W-type multi-fold hypothesis. In a multi-fold universe, GR and Quantum Physics are not incompatible, they are just different facets of multi-fold mechanisms, something that neither theory can well model.In QFTs, scattering amplitudes are perturbatively computed using Feynman diagrams. Recent work showed that classical scattering of massive or charged particles, or objects, and resulting wave radiation, are classically fully characterized by up to the five-point tree-level diagrams. All the loop and other order diagrams contribute quantum corrections. We explain such results in multi-fold universes. Furthermore, doing so we detail how gravitons are unphysical quasi-particles, a key difference with gauge interactions that also results into gravity QFT/EFT non renormalizability. Yang Mills theory and gravity have many commonalities, including the double copy behavior in scattering amplitude. Besides relating this behavior to Kaluza Klein, and space time matter induction, the paper shows not only how double copy is compatible with multi-fold mechanisms, but also argues that it implies the multi-fold emergence of gravity from (virtual) entangled particle pairs, which is at the core of the multi-fold mechanisms. Furthermore, gravity contains Yang Mills, as implication of its square root of scattering amplitudes. Also, it explains why one therefore also can derive, under the right conditions, Yang Mills from the Hilbert Einstein action, as are encountered by superstrings when adding a conformance condition. As announced by the title, we show how these results imply that GR is obtained, at the scale of the SM, from the kinematics of SM, i.e., from Yang Mills, (massless) particles. It validates one of the a priori arbitrarily imposed axiom of the multi-fold theory, and provides a microscopic explanation for the double copy behavior, which so far is unjustified in conventional QFT or superstrings. This way, the paper explains how Yang Mills contains gravity / GR, and, conversely, quantum gravity / GR contains Yang Mills, so that the E/G conjecture is satisfied. A microscopic mechanism to explain the Ultimate Unification (UU) is also discussed.

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Section: Double Copy Compatibility With Multi-fold Gravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Multi-folds in Yang Mills Feynman Diagrams

Maes¹

2023

Preprint

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“…As a result, we expect a desert of new fundamental particle above the energy scales of the gravity electroweak symmetry breaking [1,23,51,56,[77][78][79]87,89,93,96]. Also in that context, [22,30,78,91]. Indeed, these latter two papers show how no particles are beyond the ones known today (with our interpretation of the Majorana / neutrino (or possibly related to M* in [29], which is to be revisited in the future).…”

Section: Note Added Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spacetime locations and particles can be modeled as microscopic black holes (Schwarzschild for photons and concretized spacetime coordinates, and metrics between Reisner Nordstrom [2] and Kerr Newman [3] for massive and possibly charged particles -the latter being possibly extremal). Particles result from patterns of massless Higgs random walk (massless particles above gravity electroweak symmetry breaking [1,23,[77][78][79]) or condensates of massless Higgs (massive, below gravity electroweak symmetry breaking [1,22,[85][86][87]), implementing solitons obtained by space time matter induction and scattering from a 7D spacetime [1,29,30,63]. Although possibly surprising, [1] recovers results consistent with others (see [4] and its references), while also being able to justify the initial assumptions of black holes from the gravity or entanglement model in a multi-fold universe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Physics is often not so new

Maes¹

2023

Preprint

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Based on both the strength of the Standard Model (SM), often lamented by some looking to evolve it, and the results obtained in the multi-fold theory that can qualitatively answer many open issues with SM and the Standard Cosmological Model (ΛCDM), we argue that typically, the recent widely published hints of New Physics aren’t. In fact they usually are not confirmed by later experimentations, or other theories, or the SMG, the standard model with gravity effects non-negligible at its scales, which we do not consider as new Physics, but just the addition of gravity to it. Alternatively, we see them explainable by the multi-fold theory, that most would argue as New Physics, assuming it were confirmed, but that we prefer to see as rather confirming SM and ΛCDM by adding the SMG, and multi-fold explanations, at the difference of other approaches like supersymmetry, superstrings, or say MOND. Indeed no new fundamental particle or force are involved, and there is no need to macroscopically invalidate or modify GR.

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The Replica Trick, Wormholes, Island formula, and Quantum Extremal Surfaces, and How the AdS/CFT Correspondence Conjecture, and Hence the M-theory, Encounters Multi-folds

Maes

2023

Preprint

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The multi-fold theory factually encounters the AdS/CFT correspondence conjecture: the AdS( 5) space is tangent dual to the multi-fold spacetime. On the other hand, while the derivation of the conventional conjecture involved branes in AdS( 5) (+ …), which amounts to physical dual tangency, and key derivations like the Ryu-Takayanagi conjecture, are based on the same model, the conventional AdS/CFT correspondence conjecture can also be understood as a mathematical duality, where the CFT spacetime is not necessarily physically tangent to AdS(5) (+…). It can be justified as a particular case of the holographic principle. Therefore, the paper will revisit, and derive the holographic principle, in a multi-fold universe. As General relativity (GR) encounters multi-folds at Planck scales, the proof applies to GR-based universes. We also debunk the use of Wheeler's bag of gold as a counter example to the holographic principle.Trying to resolve the black hole information paradox, different teams have been able to recover the black hole Page curve, by relying on the replica trick with generalized semi-classical gravitational path integrals, in asymptotic AdS, with arbitrary topologies, including spacetime (Euclidian) wormholes in between replicas, to justifies paths in between the replicas. The approach also relies on the island formula for the von Neuman entropy as fine-grained entropy. One knows that the Page curve had to be recovered one way or another as with the AdS/CFT correspondence conjecture, the unitarity of CFTs implies unitarity of gravity. The results, have also been extended to de Sitter asymptotic spacetime. The quantum extremal surface that appears in the process, bounding the island, leads to proposed physical interpretations of a black hole interior, that, in our opinion lead to more confusions than answers. In the multi-fold theory, we have already encountered an equivalent surface, with a much cleaner microscopic interpretation. For this paper, all what matters is that the microscopic interpretation validates the approach of replica tick, wormholes and island. But on the way, the paper discusses the differences between the multi-fold model and the conventional interpretation.A few recent papers reused the approach to study two entangled gravitating universes, with one possibly without gravity. Admittedly, speaking of different universes is a bit of an oxymoron, as a universe embodies everything that is physical. Also, what is between universes, whatever that means, seems even more a red herring, unless if they were to share, or be a (global) embedding or dual tangent space that is physical. Phrased this way, the holographic AdS/CFT correspondence conjecture would be a particular case. The papers also rely on the replica trick, and its wormholes, adding some replica and wormholes swapping entangled universe parts. They recovers sensible, and unitary behaviors as well as the ER = EPR conjecture. This paper provides multi-fold inspired interpretations of the quantum extremal surfaces appearing among the di...

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Dynamical Electroweak Symmetry Breaking

Cited by 22 publications

References 45 publications

Multi-folds in Yang Mills Feynman Diagrams

Multi-folds in Yang Mills Feynman Diagrams

New Physics is often not so new

The Replica Trick, Wormholes, Island formula, and Quantum Extremal Surfaces, and How the AdS/CFT Correspondence Conjecture, and Hence the M-theory, Encounters Multi-folds

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