Dynamical constraints on kimberlite volcanism

Sparks, R. S. J.; Baker, Leslie L.; Brown, R. J. K.; Field, M. Paul; Schumacher, John C.; Stripp, G.; Walters, AL

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.02.010

Cited by 352 publications

(309 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Rapid excavation has been inferred to result from intense rock-bursting from the diatreme wall into a conduit down which decompression waves move during eruptions driven by volatile decompression (Shoemaker et al, 1962, Hawthorne, 1975Clement and Reid, 1982;Sparks et al, 2006;Wilson and Head, 2007a, b;Porritt and Cas, 2009), generally associated with wholesale fluidization within the diatreme structure (Reynolds, 1954). Inferred excavation times, where quantified, range from tens of seconds (Kieffer and Wu, 1998) through "at most a few tens of minutes" (Wilson and Head, 2007a) for these models, though Sparks et al (2007) note the difficulty of accommodating such rates to the high degree of geological complexity noted in kimberlite diatremes.…”

Section: Syn-eruptive Cratersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maar-diatreme volcanoes: A review

White

Ross

2011

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

343

251

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Maar-diatreme volcanoes are produced by explosive eruptions that cut deeply into the country rock. A maar is the crater cut into the ground and surrounded by an ejecta ring, while the diatreme structure continues downward and encloses diatreme and root zone deposits. Here we attempt an evenhanded review of maardiatreme volcanology that extends from mafic to kimberlitic varieties, and from historical maar eruptions to deeply eroded or mined diatreme structures. We conclude that maar-diatreme eruptions are episodic. Ejecta rings provide invaluable insight into eruption processes and sequence, but are incomplete records of diatreme formation. Deposits within the diatreme structure include, in varying proportions, lower unbedded deposits sometimes typified by subvertical contacts among domains of debris emplaced sequentially, and upper bedded deposits formed by sedimentation on surfaces open to the atmosphere. A basal root zone comprises the transition from coherent magmatic feeder dike to clastic deposits formed by fragmentation of magma and enclosing country rock; root zones are irregular in form, and the clastic deposits are typically intruded by contorted dikes. Irregular root zone-like chaotic breccias cut by contorted dikes are also present within diatreme deposits, where they represent intra-diatreme fragmentation zones and record changes in the location of the explosion locus during eruption.

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Section: Syn-eruptive Cratersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maar-diatreme volcanoes: A review

White

Ross

2011

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

343

251

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“…The result of this is a significant volume of excavated country rocks, the formation of mass deficit that eventually leads to a gradual collapse, and the formation of volcanic debris-filled volcanic conduit, or diatreme (White & Ross, 2011). The mechanism of the formation of a diatreme is far from well-known, and there is still argument about whether it is magmatic gas (Stoppa, 1996;Stoppa & Principe, 1997;Sparks et al, 2006;Walters et al, 2006;Suiting & Schmincke, 2009;2010) or magma and water explosive interaction (Lorenz, 1973;1986;Zimanowski et al, 1986;Wohletz & Heiken, 1992;Mastrolorenzo, 1994;Zimanowski et al, 1995;Zimanowski et al, 1997;Calvari & Tanner, 2011) that drives the energy release that fragments the country rocks. However, there is agreement that the resulting subsurface pipe is a volcanic and non-volcanic debris dominated zone with collapsed blocks of wall rock and complex arrays of juvenile particle enriched sub-vertical regions (Lorenz & Kurszlaukis, 2007;White & Ross, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Monogenetic Volcanic Fields of the Western Pannonian Basin: Their Field Characteristics and Outlook for Future Research from a Global Perspective

Németh¹

2012

Updates in Volcanology - A Comprehensive Approach to Volcanological Problems

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“…Lamprophyres are volcanic peralkaline and ultrapotassic igneous rocks that initiate in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle at 6-8-GPa pressures and temperatures of 13007C. As a result of volatile saturation, they have an enormous pressure differential during ascent, similar to that of kimberlites (70 GPa; e.g., MacGregor 1970; Mitchell and Bergman 1991; Heaman et al 2004;Skinner and Marsh 2004;Sparks et al 2006;Wilson and Head 2007;Cas et al 2008).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcanic Initiation of the Eocene Heart Mountain Slide, Wyoming, USA

Malone

Craddock

Schmitz

et al. 2017

The Journal of Geology

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Additional information:Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. A B S T R A C TThe Eocene Heart Mountain slide of northwest Wyoming covers an area of as much as 5000 km 2 and includes allochthonous Paleozoic carbonate and Eocene volcanic rocks with a run-out distance of as much as 85 km. Recent geochronologic data indicated that the emplacement of the slide event occurred at ∼48.9 Ma, using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) extracted from U-Pb zircon ages from basal layer and injectite carbonate ultracataclasite (CUC). We now refine that age with U-Pb results from a lamprophyre diatreme that is temporally and spatially related to the CUC injectites. The ages for the lamprophyre zircons are 48.97 5 0.36 Ma (LA-ICPMS) and 49.19 50.02 Ma (chemical abrasion isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry). Thus, the lamprophyre and CUC zircons are identical in age, and we interpret that the zircons in the CUC were derived from the lamprophyre during slide emplacement. Moreover, the intrusion of the lamprophyre diatreme provided the trigger mechanism for the Heart Mountain slide. Additional structural data are presented for a variety of calcite twinning strains, results from anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility for the lamprophyre and CUC injectites and alternating-field demagnetization on the lamprophyre, to help constrain slide dynamics. These data indicate that White Mountain experienced a rotation about a vertical axis and minimum of 357 of counterclockwise motion during emplacement.

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Dynamical constraints on kimberlite volcanism

Cited by 352 publications

References 90 publications

Maar-diatreme volcanoes: A review

Maar-diatreme volcanoes: A review

An Overview of the Monogenetic Volcanic Fields of the Western Pannonian Basin: Their Field Characteristics and Outlook for Future Research from a Global Perspective

Volcanic Initiation of the Eocene Heart Mountain Slide, Wyoming, USA

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