Dynamical Casimir Effect in a Superconducting Coplanar Waveguide

Johansson, J.; Johansson, Göran; Wilson, Christopher; Nori, Franco

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.103.147003

Cited by 269 publications

(370 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This is mainly due to the fact that the rate of photon production is non-negligible only when the mirror velocity approaches the speed of light, making the use of massive mirrors very challenging. A coplanar waveguide terminated by a SQUID was proposed [67] for experimentally observing the dynamical Casimir effect. Changing the magnetic flux threading the SQUID loop parametrically modulates the boundary condition of the waveguide and thereby its effective length.…”

Section: Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic physics and quantum optics using superconducting circuits

You

Nori

2011

Nature

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Superconducting circuits based on Josephson junctions exhibit macroscopic quantum coherence and can behave like artificial atoms. Recent technological advances have made it possible to implement atomic-physics and quantum-optics experiments on a chip using these artificial atoms. This review presents a brief overview of the progress achieved so far in this rapidly advancing field. We not only discuss phenomena analogous to those in atomic physics and quantum optics with natural atoms, but also highlight those not occurring in natural atoms. In addition, we summarize several prospective directions in this emerging interdisciplinary field.Superconducting circuits with Josephson junctions can behave as artificial atoms. In these quantum circuits, the Josephson junctions act as nonlinear circuit elements (see Box 1). Such nonlinearity in a circuit ensures an unequal spacing between energy levels, so that the lowest levels can be individually addressed by using external fields (see, e.g., [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]). Experimentally, these circuits are fabricated on a micrometer scale and operated at mK temperatures. Because of the reduced dimensionality and thanks to the superconductivity, the environmentinduced dissipation and noise are greatly suppressed, so the circuits can behave quantum mechanically.Superconducting circuits based on Josephson junctions have recently become subjects of intense research because they can be used as qubits-controllable quantum two-level system-for quantum computing (see, e.g., [1-4] for reviews). Even though the typical decoherence times of these circuits fall short of the requirements for quantum computation, their macroscopic quantum coherence is sufficient for them to exhibit striking quantum behaviors. These circuits can have a number of superconducting eigenstates with discrete eigenvalues lower than the energy levels of the quasi-particle excitations that involve breaking Cooper pairs. This property allows these circuits to behave like superconducting artificial atoms. Indeed, there is a deep analogy between natural atoms and the artificial atoms made from superconducting circuits (see Box 2). Both have discrete energy levels and can exhibit coherent quantum oscillations between these levels. Whereas natural atoms may be controlled using visible or microwave photons that excite electrons from one state to another, the artificial atoms in the circuits are driven by currents, voltages and microwave photons that excite the system from one macroscopic quantum state to another.Differences between superconducting circuits and natural atoms include the different energy scales in the two systems, and how strongly each system couples to its environment; the coupling is weak for atoms and strong for circuits. In contrast to naturally occurring atoms, artificial atoms can be designed with specific characteristics and fabricated on a chip using standard lithographical technologies. With a view to applications, this degree of tunability is an important advantage over natural atoms. Thus, ...

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Section: Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic physics and quantum optics using superconducting circuits

You

Nori

2011

Nature

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1,239

1,081

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“…Here k ω = ω/v is the wave number, v is the speed of light in the waveguide, Z 0 is the characteristic impedance, and we have used the notation a(−ω) = a † (ω). As shown in [17,18], for large enough SQUID plasma frequency, the SQUID is a passive element that provides the following boundary condition to the flux field:…”

Section: Dynamical Casimir Effect With Superconducting Circuitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of quantum steering and interferometric power in the dynamical Casimir effect

Sabín

Adesso

2015

Phys. Rev. A

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We analyze the role of the dynamical Casimir effect as a resource for quantum technologies, such as quantum cryptography and quantum metrology. In particular, we consider the generation of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering and Gaussian interferometric power, two useful forms of asymmetric quantum correlations, in superconducting waveguides modulated by superconducting quantum interferometric devices. We show that while a certain value of squeezing is required to overcome thermal noise and give rise to steering, any nonzero squeezing produces interferometric power which in fact increases with thermal noise.

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“…To date, several experimental schemes to observe the DCE have been proposed [12][13][14][15][16][17][18], but only a few have succeeded [19,20]. The main limitation is because a non-negligible photon production can only be attained when the mirror's speed becomes comparable to the speed of light.…”

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Dynamical Casimir effect in stochastic systems: Photon harvesting through noise

et al. 2017

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We theoretically investigate the dynamical Casimir effect in a single-mode cavity endowed with a driven offresonant mirror. We explore the dynamics of photon generation as a function of the ratio between the cavity mode and the mirror's driving frequency. Interestingly, we find that this ratio defines a threshold-which we referred to as a metal-insulator phase transition-between an exponential growth and a low photon production. The low photon production is due to Bloch-like oscillations that produce a strong localization of the initial vacuum state, thus preventing higher generation of photons. To break localization of the vacuum state, and enhance the photon generation, we impose a dephasing mechanism, based on dynamic disorder, into the driving frequency of the mirror. Additionally, we explore the effects of finite temperature on the photon production. Concurrently, we propose a classical analogue of the dynamical Casimir effect in engineered photonic lattices, where the propagation of classical light emulates the photon generation from the quantum vacuum of a singlemode tunable cavity.

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Dynamical Casimir Effect in a Superconducting Coplanar Waveguide

Cited by 269 publications

References 33 publications

Atomic physics and quantum optics using superconducting circuits

Atomic physics and quantum optics using superconducting circuits

Generation of quantum steering and interferometric power in the dynamical Casimir effect

Dynamical Casimir effect in stochastic systems: Photon harvesting through noise

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