Dynamical behaviour of superconducting microresonators with readout-power heating

Thompson, Sally; Withington, S.; Goldie, D. J.; Thomas, Christopher N.

doi:10.1088/0953-2048/26/9/095009

Cited by 14 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…For example, swept-frequency measurements of complex-valued scattering parameters with a vector network analyzer (VNA) can lead to traces that vary with readout power. Numerous distorted and hysteretic resonance shapes can occur [29,30,31]. Here we explain many of the observed effects, and in particular consider the broad category of nonlinear behaviour that can be described as a dependence of the resonance frequency and/or quality factor on the power dissipated P d internally (as distinct from the total power flowing out of the resonator, P t , which also includes the coupling loss): ν r (P d ) and Q n (P d ) respectively.…”

Section: Non-linear Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…at the readout frequency ν. The dynamical process by which the circuit moves to the equilibrium condition depends on the physical realisation, and an example has been described by Thompson [31]. In the subsequent discussion we will assume that ν is always swept slowly enough that ( 19) is satisfied at all points, for example that there are no thermal delays, and we will use the notation p, rather than p 0 , without confusion.…”

Section: Origin Of Distortionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The power dissipated by the readout signal effectively heats the quasiparticles [30], and an equilibrium state is formed when the heating power is balanced by the cooling power flow to the phonons [44,45]. This electrothermal model has been used to account for both large-signal [30,31] and small-signal [46] device behaviour.…”

Section: Quasiparticle Heatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonlinear effects in superconducting thin film microwave resonators

et al. 2020

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We discuss how reactive and dissipative nonlinearities affect the intrinsic response of superconducting thin-film resonators. We explain how most, if not all, of the complex phenomena commonly seen can be described by a model in which the underlying resonance is a single-pole Lorentzian, but whose centre frequency and quality factor change as external parameters, such as readout power and frequency, are varied. What is seen during a vector-network-analyser measurement is series of samples taken from an ideal Lorentzian that is shifting and spreading as the readout frequency is changed. According to this model, it is perfectly proper to refer to, and measure, the resonant frequency and quality factor of the underlying resonance, even though the swept-frequency curves appear highly distorted and hysteretic. In those cases where the resonance curve is highly distorted, the specific shape of the trajectory in the Argand plane gives valuable insights into the second-order physical processes present. We discuss the formulation and consequences of this approach in the case of nonlinear kinetic inductance, two-level-system loss, quasiparticle generation, and a generic model based on a power-law form. The generic model captures the key features of specific dissipative nonlinearities, but additionally leads to insights into how general dissipative processes create characteristic forms in the Argand plane. We provide detailed formulations in each case, and indicate how they lead to the wide variety of phenomena commonly seen in experimental data. We also explain how the properties of the underlying resonance can be extracted from this data. Overall, our paper provides a self-contained compendium of behaviour that will help practitioners interpret and determine important parameters from distorted swept-frequency measurements.

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Section: Non-linear Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Origin Of Distortionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonlinear effects in superconducting thin film microwave resonators

et al. 2020

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“…PACS numbers: 07.57.Kp, 74.78.Na, 74. 45.+c, 85. 25.Cp Superconducting qubits coupled to microwave transmission lines have developed into a versatile platform for solid-state quantum optics experiments [1,2], as well as a promising candidate for quantum computing [3,4].…”

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confidence: 99%

Detection of Zeptojoule Microwave Pulses Using Electrothermal Feedback in Proximity-Induced Josephson Junctions

et al. 2016

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We experimentally investigate and utilize electrothermal feedback in a microwave nanobolometer based on a normal-metal (Au_{x}Pd_{1-x}) nanowire with proximity-induced superconductivity. The feedback couples the temperature and the electrical degrees of freedom in the nanowire, which both absorbs the incoming microwave radiation, and transduces the temperature change into a radio-frequency electrical signal. We tune the feedback in situ and access both positive and negative feedback regimes with rich nonlinear dynamics. In particular, strong positive feedback leads to the emergence of two metastable electron temperature states in the millikelvin range. We use these states for efficient threshold detection of coherent 8.4 GHz microwave pulses containing approximately 200 photons on average, corresponding to 1.1×10^{-21} J≈7.0 meV of energy.

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“…The readout power absorbed in the circuit can also break the pairs and increase the density of quasiparticles, in a way similar to a temperature increase [10]. This leads to the establishment of an electro-thermal feedback due to the variation of the absorbed power with the density of quasiparticles [11][12][13]. In this work we report on the first observation of a non-linear behavior due to the electro-thermal feedback and its effect on the relaxation time of quasiparticles.…”

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confidence: 99%

Non-linearity in the system of quasiparticles of a superconducting resonator

Vignati,

Bellenghi,

Cardani

et al. 2021

Preprint

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We observed a strong non-linearity in the system of quasiparticles of a superconducting aluminum resonator, due to the Cooper-pair breaking from the absorbed readout power. We observed both negative and positive feedback effects, controlled by the detuning of the readout frequency, which are able to alter the relaxation time of quasiparticles by a factor greater than 10. We estimate that the (70 ± 5) % of the total non-linearity of the device is due to quasiparticles.

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Dynamical behaviour of superconducting microresonators with readout-power heating

Cited by 14 publications

References 20 publications

Nonlinear effects in superconducting thin film microwave resonators

Nonlinear effects in superconducting thin film microwave resonators

Detection of Zeptojoule Microwave Pulses Using Electrothermal Feedback in Proximity-Induced Josephson Junctions

Non-linearity in the system of quasiparticles of a superconducting resonator

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