Dynamic Young’s modulus, morphological, and thermal stability of 5 tropical light hardwoods modified by benzene diazonium salt treatment

Abstract

In this study the tropical light hardwood species jelutong (Dyera costulata), terbulan(Endospermum diadenum), batai (Paraserianthes moluccana), rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis), and pulai (Alstonia pneumatophora) were treated with benzene diazonium salt to improve their dynamic Young’s modulus (Ed), and thermal stability. Benzine diazonium salt reacted with cellulose in wood and produced 2,6-diazocellulose by a coupling reaction, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Values of Ed were calculated from the free-free flexural vibration method and found to increase on treatment. The morphological properties were studied by FTIR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and found to be changed. Thermal properties of treated wood samples were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The treated wood samples exhibited an increased thermal stability relative to the untreated wood samples; this increase may be related to the formation of 2, 6-diazo cellulose compound.

Effect of PVA-co-MMA Copolymer on the Physical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Tropical Wood Materials

“…The same phenomenon has also been reported by other researchers [32]. The incorporated major source of this stability is due to the chemical interaction with wood fibers and new chemical bonding, which allows thermal energy to be distributed over many bonds [30].…”

“…Consequently, the lateral stability of the cell wall was enhanced. Similar results have also been observed by previous researchers [30].…”

“…The MOE of WPC of Jelutong showed the highest increment after treatment with MMA/PVA, followed by Rubberwood, Pulai, Batai, and Terbulan, respectively. The higher MOE of WPC samples compared to the raw wood was due to the chemical modification, which is in accordance with other research findings [30]. The increase in the MOE value of WPC compared to the raw wood samples was due to the presence of PVA, which reacted and copolymerized with MMA and wood providing better adhesion and interaction among the polymers [15].…”

“…Important data derived from each thermogram are explained briefly in Table 1. As seen in Figure 7 and Table 1, the initial decomposition temperature ( ) for the raw samples is typical of wood in which decomposition of wood components took place below 250 ∘ C [30,31]. In contrast, the initial decomposition temperature ( ) and the maximum decomposition temperature ( ) values for WPC samples were significantly higher than their corresponding raw wood samples.…”

FeCl3/Egg shell: An Effective Catalytic System for the Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones at Room Temperature

“…Besides, the FT-IR result also showed the absorption peak of calcite at 875 cm -1 of CO3 2-. This agrees well with the result reported by Islam et al (31) in which they observed the absorption peak of calcite at 875 cm -1 of CO3 2-.…”