“…Load imbalances between processes and threads provide significant opportunities to decrease energy consumption. DVFS has been applied to improve the EE of MPI programs by lowering the frequency of light-loaded processors (Freeh et al, 2005a(Freeh et al, , 2005bGe et al, 2005;Hsu and Feng, 2005;Hsu and Kremer, 2003a;Kappiah et al, 2005;Li et al, 2010a;Rountree et al, 2007Rountree et al, , 2009Rountree et al, , 2011. Dynamic concurrency throttling (DCT) controls the number of active CPU cores for multithreaded programs, including OpenMP programs, at runtime (Curtis-Maury et al, 2006a, 2006bFreeh et al, 2007a;Grant and Afsahi, 2006;Li and Martinez, 2006;Li et al, 2010b;Suleman et al, 2008).…”