Dynamic violence risk, protective factors, and therapeutic change in a gender and ethnoculturally diverse sample of court-adjudicated youth.

Lovatt, Kristine; Stockdale, Keira C.; Olver, Mark E.

doi:10.1037/pas0001071

Cited by 7 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…With the exception of Olver and Riemer (2021), Lovatt et al (2022), and Chu et al (2020), all studies had a high risk of bias in the analysis domain (). In most cases this was due to too few outcome events, the benchmark being set at 100 individuals showing the outcome (Wolff et al, 2019).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fact that the SAPROF did not incrementally predict sexual recidivism, while the SAPROF-SO did, corroborates the argument that these tools should be used as intended by their developers. Additional findings supporting the combined use of protective and risk factors come from Olver and Riemer (2021) and Lovatt et al (2022), who used survival analyses to display trajectories of recidivism as a function of PCL-R risk levels and SAPROF protection levels as well as VRS-YV risk levels and SAPROF-YV protection levels, respectively. Their plots show that survival curves become progressively flatter (i.e., survival rate diminishes less over time) with higher levels of protection in both high- and low-risk offenders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…With the exception of Olver and Riemer (2021), Lovatt et al (2022), andChu et al (2020), all studies had a high risk of bias in the This document is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association or one of its allied publishers.…”

Section: Probastmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further research is urgently needed as it will ultimately provide deeper insight and useful guidance for successful violence risk management. According to Lovatt et al (2022), such research should also include the assessment of concurrent changes in risk factors. Moreover, investigating the predictive validity of the SAPROF(-YV/-SO) in relation to positive community outcomes (e.g., quality of life, social relationships, employment), as proposed by de Vries Robbé et al (2020), would be a valuable new approach to assessing treatment effectiveness.…”

Section: Implications For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Structured Assessment of Protective Factors for violence risk (SAPROF): A meta-analysis of its predictive and incremental validity.

Burghart¹,

Ruiter²,

Hynes³

et al. 2023

Psychological Assessment

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Although the inclusion of protective factors in risk assessment is believed to improve prediction, most risk assessment tools emphasize risk factors. In response, the Structured Assessment of Protective Factors for violence risk (SAPROF) has been developed, which focuses exclusively on protective factors and is used in conjunction with a structured risk assessment tool. It has received increasing attention from both researchers and forensic mental health practitioners, and additional versions have been developed for use with adolescents (SAPROF-YV) and sex offenders (SAPROF-SO). To assess their psychometric performance, we conducted a meta-analysis of validation studies. Our final sample included 39 articles with 5,434 subjects from 16 countries. Overall, the SAPROF(-YV/-SO) showed good interrater reliability and moderate-to-good predictive performance for the absence of recidivism and institutional misconduct. All three instruments exhibited incremental validity when used in conjunction with a risk-focused assessment tool. Our meta-analysis additionally showed that changes on the SAPROF are associated with decreased violent and general recidivism after controlling for baseline risk. We also uncovered several shortcomings in current research with the SAPROF(-YV/-SO). Studies did not report calibration indices and most studies were retrospective and limited to male offenders. The present findings provide support for the relevance of protective factors in risk assessment, but future research should focus on their hypothesized role in treatment and risk management. Public Significance StatementThis meta-analysis shows that the Structured Assessment of Protective Factors for violence risk (SAPROF), a risk assessment tool that focuses exclusively on protective factors, can significantly predict the absence of violent behavior in an institution and after discharge into the community. It highlights the importance of adding dynamic protective factors to structured risk assessment to lower the risk of future violence.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Probastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Implications For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Structured Assessment of Protective Factors for violence risk (SAPROF): A meta-analysis of its predictive and incremental validity.

Burghart¹,

Ruiter²,

Hynes³

et al. 2023

Psychological Assessment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Evidencing a direct-or promotiveeffect, we hypothesized that the SAPROF-YV total score would discriminate between recidivists and nonrecidivists and significantly predict recidivism, consistent with prior research (Chu et al, 2020;de Ruigh et al, 2021;Kleeven et al, 2022;Koh et al, 2022) and that it would predict recidivism better for males than for females (Goodwin et al, 2022;Lovatt et al, 2022). Given the lack of clear theoretical or empirical (Chu et al, 2020;de Ruigh et al, 2021;Kleeven et al, 2022;Koh et al, 2022;Lovatt et al, 2022) justification, we did not hypothesize that the SAPROF-YV would provide incremental validity to a measure of risk (the YLS/CMI) in predicting recidivism. Similarly, given the mixed findings from previous studies, no hypothesis was made as to whether the SAPROF-YV would function as a protective factor-that is, would moderate the relationship between risk and recidivism.…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 67%

Assessment of Strengths in Criminal Justice System-Impacted Youth: A Retrospective Validation Study of the SAPROF-YV

Finseth¹,

Peterson‐Badali

Brown

et al. 2023

Criminal Justice and Behavior

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The Structured Assessment of Protective Factors for Violence Risk-Youth Version (SAPROF-YV; de Vries Robbé et al., 2015) was designed specifically to assess strengths as a complement to risk assessment tools. We retrospectively examined its reliability and validity in 305 Canadian community-sentenced youth, both in the overall sample and in male and female, and Black and White, subgroups. In all groups, the total score had strong internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, and convergent validity, and significantly predicted general recidivism at 3-year fixed follow-up. The SAPROF-YV showed incremental validity over the YLS/CMI only in Black youth. In the total sample, a moderation effect was identified whereby strengths were protective at lower levels of risk but not for moderate or high risk youth. The SAPROF-YV shows promising reliability and validity; however, more research is needed before clear guidance can be provided regarding the use of this measure in clinical practice.

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SAVRY Predictive Validity of Mississippi Justice-Involved Youth Recidivism: A Latent Variable Approach

Dembo,

Gardner,

Robertson

et al. 2024

Am J Crim Just

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Dynamic violence risk, protective factors, and therapeutic change in a gender and ethnoculturally diverse sample of court-adjudicated youth.

Cited by 7 publications

References 39 publications

The Structured Assessment of Protective Factors for violence risk (SAPROF): A meta-analysis of its predictive and incremental validity.

The Structured Assessment of Protective Factors for violence risk (SAPROF): A meta-analysis of its predictive and incremental validity.

Assessment of Strengths in Criminal Justice System-Impacted Youth: A Retrospective Validation Study of the SAPROF-YV

SAVRY Predictive Validity of Mississippi Justice-Involved Youth Recidivism: A Latent Variable Approach

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