Dynamic vibration mode decomposition of auto-oscillating vocal fold replicas without and with vertical tilting

Abstract

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Flow-induced oscillations of vocal-fold replicas with tuned extensibility and material properties

“…When required, automatic segmentation was manually corrected to account for minor detection errors on one glottal cycle per each quasi-stationary step. Contrary to other recent visual techniques that aim at determining vibration modes of vocal folds 71 , this image analysis software provides the time-varying glottal area, . Maximum values achieved over a cycle were then extracted at each quasi-steady step, and noted .…”

Low-strain effective Young’s modulus model and validation for multi-layer vocal fold-based silicone specimens with inclusions

“…. n in the force (F) direction, with n = 3 serial stacked layers, is set so that the volume ratios for the muscle, the superficial and the epithelium layer with respect to the test section's volume match the volume ratios of a three-layer silicone vocal fold replica (MRI-replica 14,[16][17][18] ), i.e. 69% (Mu, i = 1), 27% (Su, i = 2) and 4% (Ep, i = 3) respectively.…”

“…The validation was done on 13 bone-shaped molded silicone specimens containing two (⊥ or ) or three (⊥, or ⊥ ) layers and E e f f ≤ 40 kPa. The Young's modulus E of the molded layers was varied considering two different silicone mixtures (Thinner-Ecoflex (TE) or Thinner-Dragonskin (TD)) at different mass mixing I [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] . The measured Young's modulus E of molded layers varies between 4 kPa and 65 kPa, which corresponds to the range associated with anatomical layers in a normal adult male human vocal fold [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] .…”

Uni-axial stress–strain characterisation of silicone composite specimens derived from vocal folds replicas

“…In literature, two-layer (Su and Mu) [6], three-layer (Ep, Su and Mu) [7,8] and four-layer (Ep, Su, Li and Mu) [9] VF replicas are proposed. Concretely, replicas used in [7,10,11,12] -conventionally labelled M5 (two-layer), MRI (three-layer) and EPI (fourlayer) -are schematically depicted in Fig. 2(a).…”