Dynamic Topography Change of the Eastern United States Since 3 Million Years Ago

Rowley, David B.; Forte, A. M.; Moucha, R.; Mitrovica, J. X.; Simmons, N. A.; Grand, S. P.

doi:10.1126/science.1229180

Cited by 178 publications

(238 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…Pliocene orography was updated from the PRISM3D (Sohl et al, 2009) by considering mantle flow (Rowley et al, 2013) and glacial isostatic response of ice sheet loading (Raymo et al, 2011 to the model's modern orography (Fig. 3) according to the "anomaly method" recommended in the PlioMIP2 (H16b).…”

Section: Experimental Designs For Pre-industrial and Pliocene Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of Pliocene climate simulations in MRI-CGCM2.3 to respective boundary conditions

2016

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Abstract. Accumulations of global proxy data are essential steps for improving reliability of climate model simulations for the Pliocene warming climate. In the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project phase 2 (PlioMIP2), a part project of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project phase 4, boundary forcing data have been updated from the PlioMIP phase 1 due to recent advances in understanding of oceanic, terrestrial and cryospheric aspects of the Pliocene palaeoenvironment. In this study, sensitivities of Pliocene climate simulations to the newly archived boundary conditions are evaluated by a set of simulations using an atmosphereocean coupled general circulation model, MRI-CGCM2.3. The simulated Pliocene climate is warmer than pre-industrial conditions for 2.4 • C in global mean, corresponding to 0.6 • C warmer than the PlioMIP1 simulation by the identical climate model. Revised orography, lakes, and shrunk ice sheets compared with the PlioMIP1 lead to local and remote influences including snow and sea ice albedo feedback, and poleward heat transport due to the atmosphere and ocean that result in additional warming over middle and high latitudes. The amplified higher-latitude warming is supported qualitatively by the proxy evidences, but is still underestimated quantitatively. Physical processes responsible for the global and regional climate changes should be further addressed in future studies under systematic intermodel and data-model comparison frameworks.

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Section: Experimental Designs For Pre-industrial and Pliocene Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of Pliocene climate simulations in MRI-CGCM2.3 to respective boundary conditions

2016

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“…Their analysis led to a downward revision of the sea level estimate for PRISM2 (Dowsett et al, 1999) to +25 m. Subsequent versions of the PRISM reconstruction, namely PRISM3 (Dowsett et al, 2010) and PRISM4 , also include a +25 m mid-Pliocene ESL. A number of other estimates for the ESL all fall in the range of +10 to +30 m (Wardlaw and Quinn, 1991;Krantz, 1991;Dwyer and Chandler, 2009;Naish and Wilson, 2009;Rowley et al, 2013). Miller et al (2012) performed a multi-proxy analysis using backstripped records from Virginia, New Zealand, and the Enewetak Atoll benthic foraminiferal δ 18 O constraints and Mg / Ca − δ 18 O estimates to argue that the mid-Pliocene sea level was 22±10 m higher than present within a margin of 2 standard deviations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional and global climate for the mid-Pliocene using the University of Toronto version of CCSM4 and PlioMIP2 boundary conditions

Chandan

Peltier

2017

Clim. Past

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Abstract. The Pliocene Model Intercomparison ProjectPhase 2 (PlioMIP2) is an international collaboration to simulate the climate of the mid-Pliocene interglacial, corresponding to marine isotope stage KM5c (3.205 Mya), using a wide selection of climate models with the objective of understanding the nature of the warming that is known to have occurred during the broader mid-Pliocene warm period. PlioMIP2 builds on the successes of PlioMIP by shifting the focus to a specific interglacial and using a revised set of geographic and orbital boundary conditions. In this paper, we present the details of the mid-Pliocene simulations that we have performed with a slightly modified version of the Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4) and the "enhanced" variant of the PlioMIP2 boundary conditions. We discuss the simulated climatology through comparisons to our control simulations and to proxy reconstructions of the mid-Pliocene climate. With the new boundary conditions, the University of Toronto version of the CCSM4 model simulates a midPliocene that is more than twice as warm as that with the boundary conditions used for PlioMIP Phase 1. The warming is more enhanced near the high latitudes, which is where most of the changes to the PlioMIP2 boundary conditions have been made. The elevated warming in the high latitudes leads to a better match between the simulated climatology and proxy-based reconstructions than possible with the previous version of the boundary conditions.

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“…Over longer timescales (≥100 kyr) land motion also 695 reflects the dynamic response of the lithosphere to mantle convection (Rowley et al, 2013;Austermann et al, 2017). As far as is possible, these competing factors must be accounted for, or appropriate error bars should be attached to the data in a format that can be easily incorporated into a GIA modelling framework (Düsterhus et al, 2016a).…”

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confidence: 99%

Glacial Isostatic Adjustment modelling: historical perspectives, recent advances, and future directions

Whitehouse¹

2018

Preprint

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Abstract. Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) describes the response of the solid Earth, the gravitational field, and 5 consequently the oceans to the growth and decay of the global ice sheets. It is a process that takes place relatively rapidly, triggering 100 m-scale changes in sea level and solid Earth deformation over just a few tens of thousands of years. Indeed, the first-order effects of GIA could already be quantified several hundred years ago without reliance on precise measurement techniques and scientists have been developing a unifying theory for the observations for over 200 years. Progress towards this goal required a number of significant breakthroughs to be made, including the recognition that ice sheets were once 10 more extensive, the solid Earth changes shape over time, and gravity plays a central role in determining the pattern of sealevel change. This article describes in detail the historical development of the field of GIA and an overview of the processes involved. Significant recent progress has been made as concepts associated with GIA have begun to be incorporated into parallel fields of research; these advances are discussed, along with the role that GIA is likely to play in addressing outstanding research questions within the field of Earth system modelling. 15

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Dynamic Topography Change of the Eastern United States Since 3 Million Years Ago

Cited by 178 publications

References 43 publications

Sensitivity of Pliocene climate simulations in MRI-CGCM2.3 to respective boundary conditions

Sensitivity of Pliocene climate simulations in MRI-CGCM2.3 to respective boundary conditions

Regional and global climate for the mid-Pliocene using the University of Toronto version of CCSM4 and PlioMIP2 boundary conditions

Glacial Isostatic Adjustment modelling: historical perspectives, recent advances, and future directions

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