Dynamic surface properties due to amine migration and chemical reaction in primary amine/epoxide systems

Foister, Robert T.

doi:10.1016/0021-9797(84)90145-0

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The relative magnitudes of the factors affecting resin and curative adsorption kinetics of such complex, multicomponent, reactive epoxy mixtures were also evaluated. It was hypothesized that the diamine curative interacted with the nanoclay, as reported elsewhere (23,27).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

An Investigation on the Capillary Wetting of Glass Fiber Tow and Fabric Structures with Nanoclay-Enriched Reactive Epoxy and Silicone Oil Mixtures

Ertekin

Jana

Thomas

2009

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Capillary wetting of a biaxially-oriented glass fabric and the tow comprising the fabric was examined via the Washburn equation with silicone oil and a reactive epoxy-curative system containing 0-4 wt % nanoclay reinforcement. Capillary wetting of silicone oil was used to measure the hydraulic constant of the fabric and tow. The wetting rates for fabric were found to be greater than those for tow and this was based on the larger pore radii of fabric compared to tow. Reynolds and capillary numbers calculated from wetting rate data indicated that the flow is dominated by interfacial tension. The presence of nanoclay offered a significant perturbation to capillary wetting behavior. Wetting rates indicate that the effect of nanoclay is 2-fold: blocking of tow pores and increasing the wetted area. This suggests that nanoclay particles are aggregating and the flow field is such that the particles are not dispersed additionally under the present conditions. Capillary wetting rates of fabric and tow samples were measured with reactive epoxy-amine mixtures at various nanoclay loadings. The presence of nanoclay offers another level of complexity to the Washburn equation. In addition to the liquid/fabric or tow interfacial tension, the interfacial tension of the liquid/nanoclay interface has to be reconciled. As a consequence, hydraulic constant, surface tension, and contact angle are convoluted in such a binary system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

An Investigation on the Capillary Wetting of Glass Fiber Tow and Fabric Structures with Nanoclay-Enriched Reactive Epoxy and Silicone Oil Mixtures

Ertekin

Jana

Thomas

2009

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…4, the surfaces of the cured silicone elastomer can be highly enriched in catalyst (nearly 25% of the material present) at the upper interface. 19 The degree to which the upper interface is populated by amines is a function of the catalyst concentration, and of the TEOS and water concentrations. More rapid cure and higher concentrations of TEOS were associated with decreased catalyst presence at the interface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The preferential presence of the amine at the interface, a consequence of efficient migration to the interface which has previously been seen with aminopropyltrialkoxysilanes in epoxy polymers, 19 manifests itself in various ways. The aminopropylsilicone, while less effective than the traditional and more efficient tin-or titanium-based RTV catalysts, still facilitates both curing of the silicone and formation of silica.…”

Section: Surface Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 96%

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Structured hydrophilic domains on silicone elastomers

2010

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The controlled generation of hydrophilic structures within hydrophobic polymers can be challenging.Very few examples of such structures have been described for silicones. We now report that such structures can be encoded in the air-contacting layer of a silicone elastomer by the formation of silica domains from tetraethoxysilane, optionally in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), using a surface active aminopropylsilicone catalyst and moisture cure. The control of the relative modulus at the upper versus lower layers and the degree and type of hydrophilic structuring requires control over the efficiency of delivery of water to the core of the pre-elastomer, which is facilitated by the surface active catalyst and may additionally be manipulated by the addition of PEG.

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“…In this paper, our aim is to assess the information that can be obtained from dynamic wettability measurements performed using liquids [polyethyleneglycol (PEG)/water solutions] that approach real prepreg systems, namely liquids presenting viscous or viscoelastic effects. Even if PEG/water solutions are simpler than real thermoset matrices, where curing bears on modification both of viscosity and surface tension (12)(13)(14)(15)(16), they can be used as a starting point for the understanding of more complex systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wilhelmy plate studies of carbon fiber/viscous fluid systems

et al. 1993

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The use of Wilhelmy plate techniques for studying the interactions of fibers with fluids of variable viscosity is discussed. The influence of hydrodynamic effects of force (F) VS. DEPTH (z) plots is interpreted on the basis of surface tension‐independent added terms of the constitutive equation of the Wilhelmy experiment. Wetting experiments using pseudoplastic fluids (polyethyleneglycol/water solution) show that viscoelasticity is indeed important in the interpretation of Wilhelmy plate experiments. The comparison of wetting experiments performed on untreated and plasma‐treated carbon fibers showed that at low stage speed and fluid viscosity, surface chemistry and morphology determines contact angles. At higher stage speeds and viscosities and advancing and receding angles are affected by surface chemistry‐independent and hydrodynamics‐dependent added contributions.

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Dynamic surface properties due to amine migration and chemical reaction in primary amine/epoxide systems

Cited by 14 publications

References 17 publications

An Investigation on the Capillary Wetting of Glass Fiber Tow and Fabric Structures with Nanoclay-Enriched Reactive Epoxy and Silicone Oil Mixtures

An Investigation on the Capillary Wetting of Glass Fiber Tow and Fabric Structures with Nanoclay-Enriched Reactive Epoxy and Silicone Oil Mixtures

Structured hydrophilic domains on silicone elastomers

Wilhelmy plate studies of carbon fiber/viscous fluid systems

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