Dynamic Solution Injection: a new method for preparing pptv–ppbv standard atmospheres of volatile organic compounds

Jardine, Kolby; Henderson, W. M.; Huxman, Travis E.; Abrell, Leif

doi:10.5194/amt-3-1569-2010

Cited by 35 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Raw signals (counts per second m/z 63, cps 63 ) were normalized by the adjusted primary ion signal (cps 21 ) to obtain normalized counts per second (ncps = cps 63 /cps 21 ). The adjusted primary ion signal (cps 21 ) was obtained by multiplying the signal at m/z 21 (H 3 Calibration slopes (ppb ncps À1 ) for DMS were obtained using the dynamic solution injection (DSI) technique [Jardine et al, 2010b] which provided gas phase mixing ratios of 0-61 ppb and by dynamic dilution of a 500 ppb commercial compressed gas standard (Apel-Riemer, USA), which provided gas phase mixing ratios of 0.0-5.0 ppb. For the DSI technique, a 0.68 mM solution was prepared by diluting 5 μL of an authentic DMS standard (99%, Sigma-Aldrich, USA) in 100 mL of cyclohexane.…”

Section: Amazon Field Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Dimethyl sulfide in the Amazon rain forest

Jardine

Yáñez‐Serrano

Williams

et al. 2015

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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Surface-to-atmosphere emissions of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) may impact global climate through the formation of gaseous sulfuric acid, which can yield secondary sulfate aerosols and contribute to new particle formation. While oceans are generally considered the dominant sources of DMS, a shortage of ecosystem observations prevents an accurate analysis of terrestrial DMS sources. Using mass spectrometry, we quantified ambient DMS mixing ratios within and above a primary rainforest ecosystem in the central Amazon Basin in real-time (2010)(2011) and at high vertical resolution (2013)(2014). Elevated but highly variable DMS mixing ratios were observed within the canopy, showing clear evidence of a net ecosystem source to the atmosphere during both day and night in both the dry and wet seasons. Periods of high DMS mixing ratios lasting up to 8 h (up to 160 parts per trillion (ppt)) often occurred within the canopy and near the surface during many evenings and nights. Daytime gradients showed mixing ratios (up to 80 ppt) peaking near the top of the canopy as well as near the ground following a rain event. The spatial and temporal distribution of DMS suggests that ambient levels and their potential climatic impacts are dominated by local soil and plant emissions. A soil source was confirmed by measurements of DMS emission fluxes from Amazon soils as a function of temperature and soil moisture. Furthermore, light-and temperature-dependent DMS emissions were measured from seven tropical tree species. Our study has important implications for understanding terrestrial DMS sources and their role in coupled land-atmosphere climate feedbacks.

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Section: Amazon Field Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Dimethyl sulfide in the Amazon rain forest

Jardine

Yáñez‐Serrano

Williams

et al. 2015

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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“…Calibration slopes (m, ppbv/ncps) for MTs and SQTs were obtained at Biosphere 2 and twice in the field (Brazil) using the dynamic solution injection (DSI) technique [Jardine et al, 2010a]. Solutions were prepared by diluting 5 mL of authentic a-pinene and b-caryophyllene standards, (>95% purity, Biosphere 2: Sigma-Aldrich, Brazil: Merck) in 100 mL of cyclohexane.…”

Section: Proton Transfer Reaction-mass Spectrometry (Ptr-ms)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Within-canopy sesquiterpene ozonolysis in Amazonia

et al. 2011

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[1] Through rapid reactions with ozone, which can initiate the formation of secondary organic aerosols, the emission of sesquiterpenes from vegetation in Amazonia may have significant impacts on tropospheric chemistry and climate. Little is known, however, about sesquiterpene emissions, transport, and chemistry within plant canopies owing to analytical difficulties stemming from very low ambient concentrations, high reactivities, and sampling losses. Here, we present ambient sesquiterpene concentration measurements obtained during the 2010 dry season within and above a primary tropical forest canopy in Amazonia. We show that by peaking at night instead of during the day, and near the ground instead of within the canopy, sesquiterpene concentrations followed a pattern different from that of monoterpenes, suggesting that unlike monoterpene emissions, which are mainly light dependent, sesquiterpene emissions are mainly temperature dependent. In addition, we observed that sesquiterpene concentrations were inversely related with ozone (with respect to time of day and vertical concentration), suggesting that ambient concentrations are highly sensitive to ozone. These conclusions are supported by experiments in a tropical rain forest mesocosm, where little atmospheric oxidation occurs and sesquiterpene and monoterpene concentrations followed similar diurnal patterns. We estimate that the daytime dry season ozone flux of −0.6 to −1.5 nmol m −2 s −1 due to in-canopy sesquiterpene reactivity could account for 7%-28% of the net ozone flux. Our study provides experimental evidence that a large fraction of total plant sesquiterpene emissions (46%-61% by mass) undergo within-canopy ozonolysis, which may benefit plants by reducing ozone uptake and its associated oxidative damage.

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“…20 The GC-MS was calibrated to isoprene by dynamic dilution with hydrocarbon free air of a 1.0 ppm gas-phase standard in nitrogen (Apel-Riemer, Inc.).…”

Section: Voc's Analysis By Gc-msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal Pattern of Leaf, Flower and Fruit Specific Ambient Volatiles above an Oil Palm Plantation in Pará State, Brazil

Jardine¹,

Giménez²,

Araùjo³

et al. 2016

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Oil palm plantations are rapidly expanding in the tropics because of insatiable global demand for fruit oil to be used in food, biofuels and cosmetics. Here we show that three tissue-specific volatiles can be quantified in ambient air above an African-American hybrid oil palm plantation in Brazil and linked photosynthesis (isoprene), floral scent (estragole), and for the first time, fruit oil processing (6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, MHO). Plant enclosure techniques verified their tissue specific emission sources with ambient concentrations displaying distinct diurnal patterns above the canopy. Isoprene concentrations were near zero at night, but dramatically increased during the day while estragole showed elevated concentrations at night suggesting a light-independent, temperature-driven emission pattern from flowers. MHO also showed elevated concentrations at night and both estragole and MHO increased during the day. Our observations demonstrate that the African-American oil palm hybrid is strong isoprene emitter and suggest that MHO is a specific oxidation product of lycopene released during the industrial processing of palm oil. This study highlights the potential value of quantifying volatile oil palm signals in the atmosphere as a novel, non-invasive method to better understand biological functioning and its interactions with the environment including carbon assimilation, floral-insect interactions, and fruit oil production/ processing.

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Dynamic Solution Injection: a new method for preparing pptv–ppbv standard atmospheres of volatile organic compounds

Cited by 35 publications

References 25 publications

Dimethyl sulfide in the Amazon rain forest

Dimethyl sulfide in the Amazon rain forest

Within-canopy sesquiterpene ozonolysis in Amazonia

Diurnal Pattern of Leaf, Flower and Fruit Specific Ambient Volatiles above an Oil Palm Plantation in Pará State, Brazil

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