Dynamic Simulation of Large Gas Distribution Networks

Králik, Juraj; Stiegler, P.; Vostrý, Zdeněk; Zavorka, J.

doi:10.1016/s1474-6670(17)62137-2

Cited by 3 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Energy conservation is given by the following relationship[ 16 ]:

is the partial derivative of the internal energy of the control volume with respect to pressure at constant temperature and volume.

is the partial derivative of the internal energy of the control volume with respect to temperature at constant pressure and volume.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Ventilator Splitting During COVID-19 Pandemic Using 3D Printed Devices and Numerical Modeling of 200 Million Patient Specific Air Flow Scenarios

Bishawi

Kaplan

Chidyagwai

et al. 2020

Preprint

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There has been a pressing need for an expansion of the ventilator capacity in response to the recent COVID19 pandemic. To address this need, we present a system to enable rapid and efficacious splitting between two or more patients with varying lung compliances and tidal volume requirements. Reserved for dire situations, ventilator splitting is complex, and has been limited to patients with similar pulmonary compliances and tidal volume requirements. Here, we report a 3D printed ventilator splitter and resistor system (VSRS) that uses interchangeable airflow resistors to deliver optimal tidal volumes to patients with differing respiratory physiologies, thereby expanding the applicability of ventilator splitting to a larger patient pool. We demonstrate the capability of the VSRS using benchtop test lungs and standard-of-care ventilators, which produced data used to validate a complementary, patient-specific airflow computational model. The computational model allows clinicians to rapidly select optimal resistor sizes and predict delivered pressures and tidal volumes on-demand from different patient characteristics and ventilator settings. Due to the inherent need for rapid deployment, all simulations for the wide range of clinically-relevant patient characteristics and ventilator settings were pre-computed and compiled into an easy to use mobile app. As a result, over 200 million individual computational simulations were performed to maximize the number of scenarios for which the VSRS can provide assistance. The VSRS will help address the pressing need for increased ventilator capacity by allowing ventilator splitting to be used with patients with differing pulmonary physiologies and respiratory requirements, which will be particularly useful for developing countries and rural communities with a limited ventilator supply.

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“…Energy conservation is given by the following relationship[ 16 ]:

is the partial derivative of the internal energy of the control volume with respect to pressure at constant temperature and volume.

is the partial derivative of the internal energy of the control volume with respect to temperature at constant pressure and volume.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Ventilator Splitting During COVID-19 Pandemic Using 3D Printed Devices and Numerical Modeling of 200 Million Patient Specific Air Flow Scenarios

Bishawi

Kaplan

Chidyagwai

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This modelling approach is commonly exploited in the academic and industrial sectors for gas network analysis. 37,38 Appendix 3 presents the validation of the model against a literature case study. 38 The continuity equation and the law of motion have been considered…”

Section: Gas Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under the assumption of strongly sub-critical flows and exploiting semi-empirical relationships for natural gas, equation (2) becomes 37…”

Section: Gas Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where A, B and C are coefficients obtained by rearranging of equations (1) and (3), and ρ i , k and ρ i , k + 1 are the densities in consecutive sections of branch i . Králik et al 37 detail the steps to derive coefficients A, B and C from equations (1) and (3). The solution algorithm can be divided in two steps; in Step 1, the solution of equation (13) for each branch provides the ρ i , 1 and ρ i , n + 1 at the crossings.…”

Section: Gas Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the introduction of non-pipe elements implies a change in the algorithm when computing the densities and mass flows for these elements, that is, equation (13) is replaced by the characteristic equations of the specific component. 37,39 Further details on the solution strategy can be found in the literature. 37…”

Section: Gas Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Adequacy and security analysis of interdependent electric and gas networks

Antenucci

Sansavini

2017

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O:

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In this article, adequacy and security assessments on the coupled operations of the electric and gas networks are performed. Extreme operating conditions and fault of components are considered as events that can impact the interdependent systems. The electric and gas networks are represented by an event-based direct current power flow model and by a transient one-dimensional mass flow model, respectively. Furthermore, the automations and safety strategies enforced by transmission system operators are represented within an original modelling approach. A quantitative analysis is performed with reference to the simplified energy infrastructures of Great Britain. Results highlight the contingencies which can jeopardize security and identify the components that are prone to fail and induce large gas pressure instabilities and loss of supply, and the locations in the gas grid that are susceptible to pressure violation. Moreover, a simulated 30% increase of the peak gas demand in 2015 is a limit for safe operations of the gas network, but the coupled systems are robust enough to avoid the spread of a cascading failure across networks. These results allow preventing critical operating conditions induced by the interaction between networks and can guide safety-based decisions on system reinforcements and the development of mitigating actions.

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Gas Flow Models and Computationally Efficient Methods for Energy Network Optimization

Akbari,

Gabrielli,

Sansavini

2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The equations governing gas flow dynamics are computationally challenging for energy network optimization. This paper proposes an efficient solution procedure to enable tractability for an hourly resolved yearly decision horizon. The solution procedure deploys linear and second-order cone gas flow models alternatively based on the length−diameter ratio of pipes, achieving maximum efficiency within accuracy limits. Moreover, it addresses the computational complexity of bidirectional pipe flows by fixing the associated integer variables according to a preceding optimization with a static flow approximation. The procedure also precisely aggregates parallel and serial pipes for increased efficiency. Mathematical derivations and single-pipe analyses substantiate the model selection criterion. Network optimizations validate the accuracy, success rate, and scalability of the procedure, achieving up to 3.1% cost savings compared to static models, enhancing the success rate by a minimum of 96%, and boosting computational efficiency up to 3 orders of magnitude over full dynamic models.

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Dynamic Simulation of Large Gas Distribution Networks

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Rapid Ventilator Splitting During COVID-19 Pandemic Using 3D Printed Devices and Numerical Modeling of 200 Million Patient Specific Air Flow Scenarios

Rapid Ventilator Splitting During COVID-19 Pandemic Using 3D Printed Devices and Numerical Modeling of 200 Million Patient Specific Air Flow Scenarios

Adequacy and security analysis of interdependent electric and gas networks

Gas Flow Models and Computationally Efficient Methods for Energy Network Optimization

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