Dynamic response of submarine obstacles to two-phase landslide and tsunami impact on reservoirs

Kafle, Jeevan; Kattel, Parameshwari; Mergili, Martin; Fischer, Jan-Thomas; Pudasaini, Shiva P.

doi:10.1007/s00707-019-02457-0

Cited by 48 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…This results in mass stretching and therefore increasing of landslide length. Similar behavior was observed experimentally by, e.g., Fritz et al (2003) and numerically by Pudasaini (2014) and Kafle et al (2019). In researching h s , v s and l s , a Lagrangian average on the entire granular mass passing through the control volume is calculated, considering total mass M and momentum p per width unit and density unit as follow:…”

Section: Granular Flow Measurementssupporting

confidence: 54%

“…10. This type of graphic is extremely useful to evaluate crests and troughs celerity as well as the presence of wave reflections, being the latter a common feature in confined water bodies impacted by landslides (Kafle et al 2019).…”

Section: Wave Surface Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Computer vision has received a boost in the last 30 years mainly because the recent inexpensive and technically improved digital cameras are attractive for low-cost measuring systems (Jain et al 1995;Shapiro and Stockman 2001). Image-based measuring systems are suitable for laboratories of hydraulics and have been used in several experimental practices (Erikson and Hanson 2005;Yao and Wu 2005;Iglesias et al 2009;Wang et al 2012;Gabl et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Versatile image-based measurements of granular flows and water wave propagation in experiments of tsunamis generated by landslides

Bregoli

Medina

Bateman

2020

J Vis

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Landslides falling into water bodies can generate destructive waves, which can be classified as tsunamis. An experimental facility to study this phenomenon has been set up. It consists of a landslide generator releasing gravel at high-speed into a wave basin. A non-intrusive system has been designed ad-hoc to be able to measure the high velocity and the geometry of the landslide as well as the generated waves characteristics. The measurement system employs the treatment of images captured by a high-speed camera which records the launched granular material illuminated by a laser sheet. A grid of laser sheets marks the basin water surface. The water has been filled by a small amount of kaolin to properly reflect the laser light at water surface. Thus, by filming with high definition cameras the perturbed water surface and successively processing the resulting images, it has been possible to measure the generated waves. The measurement framework employs a versatile camera calibration technique which allows accurate measurements in presence of: (1) high lens distortions; (2) pronounced non-parallelism condition between camera sensor and plane of measurement coincident with the laser sheet. The maximum resolution of the measurement tool is 0.01 mm, while the maximum uncertainty due to systematic error has been estimated to be 15% for the worst-case scenario. This work improves the suitability of image-based measuring systems in granular flows and free surface hydraulics experiments.

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Section: Granular Flow Measurementssupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Wave Surface Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Versatile image-based measurements of granular flows and water wave propagation in experiments of tsunamis generated by landslides

Bregoli

Medina

Bateman

2020

J Vis

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“…Discharge decreases steadily afterwards. A total of 2.5 million m 3 of solid and 14.0 million m 3 of fluid material passes the hydrograph profile O3 until t = 5400 s. Referring only to the solid, this is less material than reported by Kaser and Georges (2003). However, (i) there is still some material coming after, and (ii) pore volume has to be added to the solid volume, so that the order of magnitude of material delivered to Huaráz corresponds to the documentation in a better way.…”

Section: Scenario a -Event Induced By Overtopping; Fluid Without Yielmentioning

confidence: 81%

Reconstruction of the 1941 GLOF process chain at Lake Palcacocha (Cordillera Blanca, Peru)

Mergili

Pudasaini

Emmer

et al. 2020

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The Cordillera Blanca in Peru has been the scene of rapid deglaciation for many decades. One of numerous lakes formed in the front of the retreating glaciers is the moraine-dammed Lake Palcacocha, which drained suddenly due to an unknown cause in 1941. The resulting Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) led to dam failure and complete drainage of Lake Jircacocha downstream, and to major destruction and thousands of fatalities in the city of Huaráz at a distance of 23 km. We chose an integrated approach to revisit the 1941 event in terms of topographic reconstruction and numerical back-calculation with the GIS-based open-source mass flow/process chain simulation framework r.avaflow, which builds on an enhanced version of the Pudasaini (2012) two-phase flow model. Thereby we consider four scenarios: (A) and (AX) breach of the moraine dam of Lake Palcacocha due to retrogressive erosion, assuming two different fluid characteristics; (B) failure of the moraine dam caused by the impact of a landslide on the lake; and (C) geomechanical failure and collapse of the moraine dam. The simulations largely yield empirically adequate results with physically plausible parameters, taking the documentation of the 1941 event and previous calculations of future scenarios as reference. Most simulation scenarios indicate travel times between 36 and 70 min to reach Huaráz, accompanied with peak discharges above 10 000 m3 s−1. The results of the scenarios indicate that the most likely initiation mechanism would be retrogressive erosion, possibly triggered by a minor impact wave and/or facilitated by a weak stability condition of the moraine dam. However, the involvement of Lake Jircacocha disguises part of the signal of process initiation farther downstream. Predictive simulations of possible future events have to be based on a larger set of back-calculated GLOF process chains, taking into account the expected parameter uncertainties and appropriate strategies to deal with critical threshold effects.

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“…Employing the same model, Kattel and Tuladhar [23] performed numerical experiments on obstruction and contraction ratio of two-phase debris flow due to converging lateral shear walls. Kafle et al [20] presented first-ever three-dimensional, high-resolution simulation results for a two-phase landslide impacting a fluid reservoir installed with obstacles of different shapes, sizes, numbers, and at different positions on the subaerial slopes and bathymetry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulations for Flow-Symmetry Through r.avaflow in the General Two-Phase Mass Flow Model

Kafle

Kattel

2019

J. Nep. Math. Soc.

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Gravitational flows, e.g., landslide, debris flow and avalanches are hazardous mass wasting processes. The proper understanding of their dynamics is very important. As laboratory experiments can not perfectly model their initiation process and field assess of the live events are very difficult, numerical experiments have become the promising way for the study of their flow dynamics. Here we employ the enhanced version of two-phase mass flow model [33] through the open source computational code, r.avaflow to analyze the issue of symmetry in the flow. Two-phase debris mass are triggered from all the flanks of the three different pyramids (triangle-based, square-based and octagon-based) with different rotational symmetry and study the flow pattern along with maximum kinetic energy of the flow. Flow past two different types of obstacles (a tetrahedron and a square based pyramid) are also observed. The possible causes of asymmetry in the flow are also analyzed.

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Dynamic response of submarine obstacles to two-phase landslide and tsunami impact on reservoirs

Cited by 48 publications

References 65 publications

Versatile image-based measurements of granular flows and water wave propagation in experiments of tsunamis generated by landslides

Versatile image-based measurements of granular flows and water wave propagation in experiments of tsunamis generated by landslides

Reconstruction of the 1941 GLOF process chain at Lake Palcacocha (Cordillera Blanca, Peru)

Simulations for Flow-Symmetry Through r.avaflow in the General Two-Phase Mass Flow Model

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