“…Among behavior analysts, Donahoe and Palmer (1994) have developed a sophisticated model that proposes how operant behavior is implemented in the brain, informed by detailed knowledge of operant learning. My own operant computer models and applications, based on operant learning, were independently developed starting at the same time as those early models (e.g., Bell, Hutchison, & Stephens, 1992;Forsyth, Hawkins, & Hutchison, 1996;Hutchison, 1996Hutchison, , 1997Hutchison, , 1998Hutchison & Constantine, 2003, 2005Hutchison, Constantine, Borenstein, & Pratt, 2007, 2008a, 2008bHutchison & Stephens, 1987;, 1993Stephens, Hutchison, Hormby, & Bell, 1990). Many others have adopted learning methods for robotics (Dorigo & Colombetti, 1998;Lin, 1992;Touretzky & Saksida, 1997;Weng & Chen, 1996).…”