Dynamic Remedial Action Scheme using online transient stability analysis

Design and tests of a super real‐time simulation‐based power system real‐time decision‐making emergency control system

“…where f COI is the grid frequency under the centre of inertia and f COI complies with (7) and (8), H(i) and ω(i) are the inertia constant and the frequency of generator i, respectively, ω COI is the angular velocity under the centre of inertia, f min and f max are the lower and upper limit of frequency, respectively, Δδ max is the maximum angular separation between the rotors of generators, δ¯ is the maximum allowable rotor angle difference, T B is the overload duration vector and T B is the permitted overload duration vector. According to the requirements of the cooperative power equipment corporation and cooperative EPGs, δ¯ is set to 180 degrees.…”

“…If the current operation state or the contingency is not taken into account during the offline pre-decision-making, the strategy table may not work properly, leading to inaccuracy or even mismatch. The online pre-decision-making ECS introduces the telemetering signals and data measured by external systems such as the energy management system and the wide-area measurement system (WAMS) into the offline pre-decision-making ECS so that the strategy table can be updated by online calculations at regular intervals according to the current operation state of the power grid [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. The ECS requires the decision-making process to be fast.…”

“…The ECS requires the decision-making process to be fast. Owing to the fact that the detailed TSS is very time-consuming, simplified TSS [3], early-termination techniques [4], direct methods [5], hybrid methods [7,8,10] and parallel computing [9] are used for transient stability analysis. Based on the operation state at the time, the strategy table is much more accurate and the probability of inaccuracy and mismatch is obviously reduced.…”

Minimum-cost generation-shedding for dynamic Remedial Action Scheme

“…Fig. 1 shows the schematic overview of the proposed dynamic RAS [10]. The 'Power System State' block estimates power system states data using Phasor Measurement Units (PMU), SCADA, and a topology processor.…”

“…The increase in load is balanced by increasing the generator output at Bus 19, 20, 22, and 23 by 20%, 12.5%, 30%, and 25% respectively. This system is implemented using a real-time Hardware-Inthe-Loop (HIL) simulation platform developed in the Duke Energy Smart Grid Laboratory at UNC Charlotte [10]. For simplicity, 3-phase fault on Line 16-17 near Bus 16 is the only contingency considered in this paper.…”