Dynamic Racking Crescendo Tests on Architectural Glass Fitted with Anchored Pet Film

Memari, Ali M.; Behr, Richard A.; Kremer, Paul A.

doi:10.1061/(asce)1076-0431(2004)10:1(5)

Cited by 36 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…For example, the response of curtain walls subjected to racking as resulting from seismic shaking has been investigated [20][21][22][23]. FE modeling of system response to out-ofplane wind loading has been carried out by Craig and Goodno [24], Goodno [16], and Goodno and Craig [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental program and simplified nonlinear design expression for glass curtain walls with low-level blast resistance

Kennedy¹,

Weggel²,

Keanini³

2013

Int. J. CMEM

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A series of fi ve full-scale, nearly conventional, curtain wall specimens was tested in the UNC Charlotte Structures Laboratory. Specimens were subjected to quasi-static, uniform, out-of-plane loading to failure under displacement control. The tests were performed to obtain complete resistance curves, including the nonlinear behavior of the specimens up to 'ultimate failure'. Ultimate failure was defi ned as mullion fracture or signifi cant breach of the curtain wall system when viewed as the protective barrier between building occupants and the external blast load. Representative load-defl ection and loadstrain resistance curves are presented. The energy absorbed by the curtain wall system up to three different limit states -fi rst cracking of glass, fi rst yield of mullions, and fracture/breach of the system (ultimate failure) -and maximum mullion end rotations are computed from the experimental results. Ultimate energy absorption capacity -the recoverable linear strain energy plus the nonlinear energy due to formation of damage mechanisms -and maximum mullion end rotations are essential for reliable and economical design of blast resistant curtain walls. To this end, a simplifi ed methodology is presented for analytically approximating curtain wall resistance functions that can be input to an energy expression that models nonlinear structural dynamic behavior due to an 'impulsive' loading. The blast resistance of a curtain wall can then be approximated using this procedure. It is shown that a nearly conventional curtain wall, a conventional system with two modifi cations -use of laminated glass lites that are structurally glazed (wet-glazed) to a conventional framing system with structural silicone sealanthad nearly 14 times the ultimate energy absorption capacity and nearly four times the blast resistance as the fully conventional system. Keywords: Glass curtain wall; blast resistance; nonlinear SDOF design expression; static destructive tests. INTRODUCTIONEconomical design of curtain walls to resist extreme out-of-plane loads, such as blast loads, implies that the curtain wall can suffer signifi cant damage in a blast event. However, in order to be a protective barrier between building occupants and the external threat, the curtain wall system must remain largely intact to prevent it from becoming a fl ying debris hazard and limit blast overpressures intruding into the protected space. Modeling curtain wall systems after the onset of glass cracking or mullion yielding is a signifi cant challenge, requiring consideration of nonlinear material behavior and often nonlinear geometry. Further, the complex structural behavior of the curtain wall's individual components and their connections must be well understood.This present work continues a long-term study in which a calibrated, elastic, fi nite element (FE) curtain wall model was developed [1,2]. The model is capable of simulating static and dynamic responses (before cracking or yielding of system components) under general loading and considers linea...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental program and simplified nonlinear design expression for glass curtain walls with low-level blast resistance

Kennedy¹,

Weggel²,

Keanini³

2013

Int. J. CMEM

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“…The structural interaction between glass panels and adhesively bonded steel frames has been also studied in (Richter et al, 2014). In (Memari et al, 2004;Behr, 2006), the dynamic behavior of full-scale curtain wall mock-ups was experimentally investigated were carried out to assess the seismic vulnerability and flexibility of glass façade panels under in-plane earthquake loads. Antolinc et al (2014) also investigated, by means of full-scale shake-table experiments, the seismic capacity of glass walls interacting with timber frames.…”

Section: State-of-the-artmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Unified Approach for the Shear Buckling Design of Structural Glass Walls with Non-Ideal Restraints

Bedon¹,

Amadio²

2016

American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences

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Abstract:In this study, a unified design approach is assessed and proposed for the shear buckling verification of structural glass walls supported by non-ideal restraints. Based on the current trends of practice in buildings, the effect of (i) adhesive joints, (ii) metal frames with interposed adhesive joints or (iii) point mechanical connectors on the actual shear buckling behavior of the examined glass shear walls is properly investigated. The theoretical buckling resistance of the selected panels is first assessed by means of Finite-Element (FE) simulations, in the form of fundamental buckling shapes and Euler's critical loads. Analytical fitting curves of general applicability are proposed, so that the classical formulations derived from shear buckling theories could be used for a rational estimation of the Euler's critical loads, based on the restraints geometrical and mechanical features. As shown, the examined restraints have a fundamental role in the so predicted values and the assumption of ideal restraint configurations would unavoidably lead to unsafe, marked overestimations. Subsequently, the actual shear buckling resistance is also assessed, e.g., by taking into account the effects of possible initial geometrical imperfections, damage in glass or failure mechanisms in the restraints. Due to the implementation of accurate but computationally efficient FE models able to reproduce the desired mechanical effect of restraints, as well as any possible local damage in them, a rather close agreement is found with a standardized design buckling approach already in use for ideally simply supported glass shear walls only.

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“…The most extensive testing programs performed on glass panel systems to-date have been those at the University Missouri-Rolla (UMR) and Penn State (Behr andBelarbi, 1995, 1996;Behr, 1998;Memari et al, 2003Memari et al, , 2004. These tests consistently involved 5'x6' sized windows (AR = 0.83), tested in an in-plane loading rig, designed specifically for the window systems (Figure 1.3).…”

Section: Previous Work and State-of-practicementioning

confidence: 99%

“…(ii) Window Film and Attachment -Film-coated glazing, although not specifically designed to withstand anticipated earthquake events (it's original intent being for safety or thermal purposes), is recognized to hold potential for mitigating the adverse effects in building and other structures under seismic loading conditions. However, to-date, only one study considered film-coated systems (Memari et al, 2004). This study focused on anchored film, which is less common in daily practice.…”

Section: Scope Of This Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Evaluation of the In-Plane Seismic Behavior of Storefront Window Systems

Eva

2011

Earthquake Spectra

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Storefront window systems have been shown to suffer significant damage during earthquake loading, resulting in the potential for human injuries and significant economic losses. Despite the potential for film-coated windows to minimize seismic-induced damage to window systems, limited study has been undertaken. Furthermore, no thorough study of the effects of loading histories on window system performance has been performed to-date. Finally, previous studies have been limited in terms of their variation of window system geometry. In this work, three variables of interest were studied through in-plane seismic racking experiments of storefront window systems, namely: (i) loading protocol, (ii) window film type and attachment, and (iii) aspect ratio. This paper presents the overall experimental program, the identified damage modes and associated drift limits, and trends associated with variation of the window film and aspect ratio. A companion paper in this issue (Hutchinson et. al. 2011) summarizes studies of the effects of load protocol.

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Dynamic Racking Crescendo Tests on Architectural Glass Fitted with Anchored Pet Film

Cited by 36 publications

References 8 publications

Experimental program and simplified nonlinear design expression for glass curtain walls with low-level blast resistance

Experimental program and simplified nonlinear design expression for glass curtain walls with low-level blast resistance

A Unified Approach for the Shear Buckling Design of Structural Glass Walls with Non-Ideal Restraints

Experimental Evaluation of the In-Plane Seismic Behavior of Storefront Window Systems

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