Dynamic provisioning strategies for energy efficient WDM networks with dedicated path protection

Using an analytical power model to survey power saving approaches in backbone networks

“…Using this approach, [22] reports a potential 30% reduction of total network energy consumption. For realistic application, this would require fast sleep and wakeup times.…”

Energy-efficiency versus resilience: risk awareness view on dimensioning of optical networks with a sleep mode

“…Energy profiles supporting our approach and adapted in the design and optimization of optical networks, sometimes with resilience provisioning, are reported in [5,9,13,14,36,44,56,67]. While assuming the most common fixed + proportional (f + p) energy profile for single elements, the total energy usage for the whole network has the concave character as a function of the summarized network load [36,67]. An in-depth study of energy usage is also given in [59], where a very simple rule of thumb for energy usage is proposed as a universal value for the electrical layer (1 Gb/s costs 10 W for a MPLS router); in the optical layer, it is necessary to consider optical switching and calculate the number of transponders and regenerators on links.…”

“…Additionally, documents have been produced in the Internet Engineering Task Force by Eman (a working group on energy management, established in 2009) to provide the management plane with the necessary ontology to represent data useful in energy-aware networks, taking into account the sleep mode [22,52]. Energy profiles supporting our approach and adapted in the design and optimization of optical networks, sometimes with resilience provisioning, are reported in [5,9,13,14,36,44,56,67]. While assuming the most common fixed + proportional (f + p) energy profile for single elements, the total energy usage for the whole network has the concave character as a function of the summarized network load [36,67].…”

“…Additionally, as traffic carried via some elements is greater than if the sleep mode is not applied, an average failure affects the operation in a more significant way. Jirattigalachote et al [36] consider a dedicated path protection 1:1, where links carrying backup resources are switched off while they are not used. To ensure that it is possible to put a considerable number of links to sleep, they aim to separate links with working and backup resources.…”

“…There are three options for the operation of devices with respect to power management procedures investigated by researchers [50]: (a) active mode (fully used): at each time point, the device can operate at full capacity; (b) sleep mode (low power/standby/idle/hibernation): the device is using some energy and can switch to active mode almost instantaneously; (c) switched off mode (inactive): the device is not using any energy, and it takes some considerable time for the device to be woken up. While the difference between the last two modes is important in traffic engineering, here we are interested in network dimensioning (long-term behavior), and we identify the sleep mode with switching off [36]. Perello et al [50] deal with two basic types of sleep modes: link sleeping mode (LSM) and optoelectronic device sleep mode (OESM).…”