Dynamic probabilistic material flow analysis of rubber release from tires into the environment

Sieber, Ramona; Kawecki, Delphine; Nowack, Bernd

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113573

Cited by 111 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Recent studies have shown that rubber particles from sources such as tyres are widely dispersed. Sieber et al, (2020), estimated that 218 ktons rubber particles from tyres are mainly deposited on road-side soils (74%), surface water (22%) and in soils (4%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rubber Degrading Strains of Microtetraspora and Dactylosporangium

Basik

Nanthini

Yeo

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Latex clearing protein (lcp) found in Actinobacterial strains is reportedly critical for the initial oxidative cleavage of poly(cis-1,4-isoprene), the major polymeric unit of rubber. In this study, we screened 940 Actinobacterial strains isolated from various locations in Sarawak on NR latex agar and identified 18 strains from 5 genera that produced clearing zones and contained (latex clearing protein) lcp genes. We report here the first lcp genes from Microtetraspora sp. AC03309 (lcp 1 and lcp2) and Dactylosporangium sp. AC04546 (lcp1, lcp2, lcp3), together with their operon structure. Complete 16S rDNA gene sequence revealed that Dactylosporangium sp. AC04546 is 99% identical to Dactylosporangium sucinum RY35-23 whereas Microtetraspora sp. AC03309 is 98% identical to Microtetraspora glauca IFO14761. Morphological images and the spectrophotometric detection of aldehyde and keto groups in rubber samples incubated with the strains confirm the strains’ ability to degrade rubber-based products.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rubber Degrading Strains of Microtetraspora and Dactylosporangium

Basik

Nanthini

Yeo

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…We can also compare this value to the amount of rubber released from tires that end up in road‐side soils and agricultural/forest soils. For Switzerland, it was estimated that 6,310 tons (750 g capita −1 ) of rubber are transferred to soils per year (Sieber et al., 2020). The absolute amount of plastic originating from compost is therefore small compared to other sources but both littering and release by tires is a much more diffuse source that affects a much larger area compared to the small area of compost‐treated agricultural land.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soils therefore receive 40 times more plastic than surface waters (Kawecki & Nowack, 2019). The release of micro-rubber from tires to soils is another very relevant flow of an anthropogenic polymer (Sieber, Kawecki, & Nowack, 2020;Sommer et al, 2018;Wagner et al, 2018;Wik & Dave, 2009). A few studies are available reporting plastic levels in various compost products: concentrations of visible plastic items in compost produced in a plant in Germany ranged from 2.38 to 180 mg kg −1 compost, with evidence of additional smaller plastic pieces (Blasing & Amelung, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soils therefore receive 40 times more plastic than surface waters (Kawecki & Nowack, 2019). The release of micro‐rubber from tires to soils is another very relevant flow of an anthropogenic polymer (Sieber, Kawecki, & Nowack, 2020; Sommer et al., 2018; Wagner et al., 2018; Wik & Dave, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The approach used to quantify the flows of organic matter and plastic was material flow analysis (MFA), the standard method to quantify stocks and flows of materials within a well‐defined system boundary (Brunner & Rechberger, 2004). MFA has been used, for example, to track the flows of plastic and rubber through society and to the environment (Kawecki & Nowack, 2019; Kawecki, Scheeder, & Nowack, 2018; Sieber et al., 2020). Using this approach, we could for the first time quantify the full flows of plastic associated with the treatment of organic waste.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Material flow analysis of plastic in organic waste in Switzerland

Kawecki

Goldberg

Nowack

2020

Soil Use and Management

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Soils have been shown to be a major sink for plastic that is released to the environment. Several agricultural practices have been identified that can result in large plastic flows onto soils, among them the use of plastic-polluted compost and digestate. However, the magnitude of this flow is currently still unclear. The aim of this work was to quantify the flows of plastic with compost and digestate onto soils based on data from Switzerland using material flow analysis (MFA). Input data to the model were based on published data on organic waste management and plastic content in compost. In order to quantify the plastic in the biomass input, measurements were made at an anaerobic digestion plant. Together with published data on the plastic content in compost, the full fate of plastic in organic waste in Switzerland could be obtained from 1985 to 2017. 6,300 t year −1 of plastic enter the system together with organic waste, and 6,200 t year −1 are removed and are incinerated.34.5 ± 7.1 t year −1 are contained in the solid digestate, 50 ± 11 t year −1 in compost, 12.4 ± 3 t year −1 in windrow compost and 2.0 ± 0.4 t year −1 in solid digestate from codigestion. Overall, 71 ± 11 t year −1 of plastic are transferred to agricultural soil, 22.4 ± 3.3 t year −1 to horticulture and 3.6 ± 0.7 t year −1 to private consumers. Using dynamic MFA, we predict that 1,390 ± 390 tonnes of plastic have accumulated in Swiss soils through compost addition since 1985. These values can serve as basis for evaluating the contribution of composting to the plastic pollution in soils.

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Country‐Specific Environmental Risks of Fragrance Encapsulates Used in Laundry Care Products

Cai

Lin

Gimeno³

et al. 2021

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Fragrance encapsulates (FEs) are designed to deliver fragrance components, notably in laundry care products. They are made of thermoset polymeric shells surrounding the fragrance content. These materials enter the environment mainly during laundry washing, but little is known about their distribution in and impact on the environment. The aim of the present study was to estimate the environmental concentrations of FE shells in freshwater, sediment, and soil compartments for 34 selected countries and to compare them with ecotoxicological effects. Probabilistic material flow analysis was used to estimate worst-case predicted environmental concentrations (PECs). The lowest freshwater PEC was predicted for Finland (0.00011 µg/L) and the highest for Belgium (0.13 µg/L). Accumulation of FE shells between 2010 and 2019 was considered for sediments and sludge-treated soils. The PECs in sediments ranged from 3.0 µg/kg (Finland) to 3400 µg/kg (Belgium). For sludge-treated soil, the concentration was estimated to be between 0 (Malta and Switzerland) and 3600 µg/kg (Vietnam). Ecotoxicological tests showed no effects for FE shells at any tested concentration (up to 2700 µg/L freshwater, 5400 µg/kg sediment, and 9100 µg/kg soil), thus not allowing derivation of a predicted-no-effect concentration (PNEC). Therefore, to characterize the environmental risks, the PEC values were compared with highest-observed-no-effect concentrations (HONECs) derived from ecotoxicological tests. The PEC/HONEC ratios were 9.3 × 10 -6 , 0.13, and 0.04 for surface waters, sediments, and sludge-treated soils, respectively, which are much below 1, suggesting no environmental risk. Because the PEC values constitute an upper boundary (no fate considered) and the HONEC values represent a lower boundary (actual PNEC values based on NOECs will be higher), the current risk estimation can be considered a precautionary worst-case assessment.

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Dynamic probabilistic material flow analysis of rubber release from tires into the environment

Cited by 111 publications

References 29 publications

Rubber Degrading Strains of Microtetraspora and Dactylosporangium

Rubber Degrading Strains of Microtetraspora and Dactylosporangium

Material flow analysis of plastic in organic waste in Switzerland

Country‐Specific Environmental Risks of Fragrance Encapsulates Used in Laundry Care Products

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