This paper empirically analyses airline pricing for short-haul ‡ights in contexts with no credible threat of inter-modal competition. To this end, we explore the southern Italian market since it is less accessible by other transport modes and thus fares are the direct outcome of air-related competition. We show, in fact, that market power matters, depending on the level of intra-modal competition, and that airlines apply di¤erentiated mark-ups. Besides, consistent with the implementation of inter-temporal price discrimination (IPD), we …nd a nonmonotonic inter-temporal pro…le of fares with a turning point included in the interval of the 43 th to 45 th days before departure. Finally, we provide evidence that in more competitive markets, airlines are more likely to engage in IPD.