Dynamic pH and Thermal Analysis of Paper-Based Microchip Electrophoresis

Hasan, Mahmud; An, Ran; Akkus, Asya; Akkaynak, Derya; Minerick, Adrienne R.; Kharangate, Chirag R.; Gürkan, Umut A.

doi:10.3390/mi12111433

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As a result, the pH in the right reservoir is significantly higher than in the microchannel, reaching as high as 11.34. The pH difference between the anode and cathode is about 1.34, which is consistent with the pH shifts observed in a microchip electrophoresis experiment (Hasan et al 2021). The EK model disregards reactions; hence the fluctuation of ion concentration within the EOF system cannot be accurately depicted.…”

Section: Influence Of Electrode Reactions On Ions Concentration and Phsupporting

confidence: 87%

Influence of electrode reactions on electroosmotic flow and ion transport in a microchannel

Sun

Al-Anzi

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electroosmotic flow (EOF) is a universal phenomenon in most microfluidic systems when an external electric field exists along charged channel walls. The mechanism of ion transport and fluid flow in such systems has been extensively studied, largely based on simplified models without consideration of electrode reactions and water dissociation. In order to study the effects of these electrochemical reactions, we build an electrokinetic model with full consideration of these processes, namely electrochemistry (EC) model, and compare its performance with that of the traditional electrokinetic (EK) model. Our results show that electrode reactions alter the electric potential and reduce the current, causing a significant reduction in EOF velocity. These potential changes and EOF reduction are driven almost entirely by electrode reactions because the difference between the results from the EC model and those from the EK model with potential adjustment induced by chemical reactions is slight. In addition, the participation of ions in electrode reactions leads to notable alterations in their concentration within the microchannel and significant pH change, which are totally ignored in the traditional EK model. It is found that at a typical applied electric field of 50 V/cm, the EOF velocity in the EC model is 64% of that in the EK model. This difference in velocity decreases to only 1.9% as the EK model considers electric potential shifts caused by electrode reactions. In the microchannel, the Cl− concentration drops by approximately 50% while the OH− increases, leading to a pH growth of 3.5. The results presented in this work can improve the understanding of electrode effects on the physicochemical properties of EOF systems, providing essential guidance for manipulating fluid flow and amphoteric molecular transport in various microfluidic systems.

show abstract

Section: Influence Of Electrode Reactions On Ions Concentration and Phsupporting

confidence: 87%

Influence of electrode reactions on electroosmotic flow and ion transport in a microchannel

Sun

Al-Anzi

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For instance, devices made with inexpensive paper or fabric materials could reduce the cost and complexity of device assembly, facilitating their adoption by users lacking the requisite experience or resources for microfabrication. Paper-based MCE systems have already been developed for the analysis of other types of biomolecules (Hasan et al, 2021). Both droplet-based and inertial microfluidics have shown promise for integration with ion-mobility spectrometry (IM-MS), a gas-phase and label-free MS technique that outperforms traditional liquid-phase methods in separation ability and isomer Multichannel microfluidic lectin barcode platform.…”

Section: Summary and Concluding Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

More small tools for sweet challenges: advances in microfluidic technologies for glycan analysis

Pinnock,

Carten,

Daniel

2024

Front. Lab. Chip. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carbohydrates, also known glycans, are ubiquitous in nature and exhibit a wide array of biological functions essential to life. Glycans often exist as conjugates of proteins or lipids and reside predominantly at the surface of cells, where their structure and composition are known to vary in a disease-dependent fashion. This observation has encouraged the development of tools for monitoring glycan patterns on individual molecules, cells, and tissues, to elucidate the links between glycosylation and disease for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Over the past 2 decades, microfluidic technology has emerged as an advantageous tool for profiling the glycan content of biological systems. Miniaturizing carbohydrate analysis can circumvent several challenges commonly encountered with conventional-scale analytical techniques such as low throughput and poor detection sensitivity. The latter is often complicated by the low abundance of glycans in biological specimens and the complexity of carbohydrate structures, which often necessitates extensive concentration and purification of glycans to discern their structural features. We previously examined the application of microfluidics in the synthesis of carbohydrates in a recent paper (Pinnock et al., Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2022, 414 (18), 5139–63). This review builds upon that discussion by delving into the application of microfluidics in the complementary field of carbohydrate analysis. Special attention is given to applications related to glycomics and the ways that microfluidics have enhanced the sensitivity, reproducibility, and throughput of carbohydrate identification and structural characterization.

show abstract

“…The fundamental principle behind Gazelle TM is hemoglobin electrophoresis in which different hemoglobin variants can be separated based on mobility differences under an electric field (Figure 1D). Gazelle has been tested in clinical studies in four different countries with more than 700 subjects and demonstrated a capability of identifying major Hb variants, including HbA, HbE, HbS, and HbF, in adults as well as in newborns with SCD, sickle cell trait, hemoglobin C disorder, and hemoglobin E disorder [28,[30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Point-of-Care Diagnostic Test for Beta-Thalassemia

An,

Avanaki,

Thota

et al. 2024

Biosensors

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hemoglobin (Hb) disorders are among the most common monogenic diseases affecting nearly 7% of the world population. Among various Hb disorders, approximately 1.5% of the world population carries β-thalassemia (β-Thal), affecting 40,000 newborns every year. Early screening and a timely diagnosis are essential for β-thalassemia patients for the prevention and management of later clinical complications. However, in Africa, Southern Europe, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia, where β-thalassemia is most prevalent, the diagnosis and screening for β-thalassemia are still challenging due to the cost and logistical burden of laboratory diagnostic tests. Here, we present Gazelle, which is a paper-based microchip electrophoresis platform that enables the first point-of-care diagnostic test for β-thalassemia. We evaluated the accuracy of Gazelle for the β-Thal screening across 372 subjects in the age range of 4–63 years at Apple Diagnostics lab in Mumbai, India. Additionally, 30 blood samples were prepared to mimic β-Thal intermediate and β-Thal major samples. Gazelle-detected levels of Hb A, Hb F, and Hb A2 demonstrated high levels of correlation with the results reported through laboratory gold standard high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), yielding a Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.99. This ability to obtain rapid and accurate results suggests that Gazelle may be suitable for the large-scale screening and diagnosis of β-Thal.

show abstract

Dynamic pH and Thermal Analysis of Paper-Based Microchip Electrophoresis

Cited by 9 publications

References 33 publications

Influence of electrode reactions on electroosmotic flow and ion transport in a microchannel

Influence of electrode reactions on electroosmotic flow and ion transport in a microchannel

More small tools for sweet challenges: advances in microfluidic technologies for glycan analysis

Point-of-Care Diagnostic Test for Beta-Thalassemia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About