Dynamic Optical Properties of Metal Hydrides

Palm, Kevin J.; Murray, Joseph; Narayan, Tarun C.; Munday, Jeremy N.

doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.8b01243

Cited by 119 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Metasurface patterns can be rearranged by solvent-assisted dissolution reshaping [247], laser welding [248][249][250][251][252], laser-assisted growth [253] and polymerization [254], or templated dewetting [255][256][257][258]. The optical properties of many metals are drastically altered upon hydrogenation [259], a useful trait that has been exploited in reconfigurable plasmonic metasurfaces [260][261][262][263]. These techniques present promising new solutions to reconfigure metasurface devices, although their throughput, cycling endurance (or reversibility), and scalability remain to be further investigated or optimized.…”

Section: Other Mechanisms Toward Reconfigurable Metasurfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design for quality: reconfigurable flat optics based on active metasurfaces

et al. 2020

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Optical metasurfaces, planar subwavelength nanoantenna arrays with the singular ability to sculpt wavefront in almost arbitrary manners, are poised to become a powerful tool enabling compact and high-performance optics with novel functionalities. A particularly intriguing research direction within this field is active metasurfaces, whose optical response can be dynamically tuned postfabrication, thus allowing a plurality of applications unattainable with traditional bulk optics. Designing reconfigurable optics based on active metasurfaces is, however, presented with a unique challenge, since the optical quality of the devices must be optimized at multiple optical states. In this article, we provide a critical review on the active meta-optics design principles and algorithms that are applied across structural hierarchies ranging from single meta-atoms to full meta-optical devices. The discussed approaches are illustrated by specific examples of reconfigurable metasurfaces based on optical phase-change materials.

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Section: Other Mechanisms Toward Reconfigurable Metasurfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design for quality: reconfigurable flat optics based on active metasurfaces

et al. 2020

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“…Tuning of optical metasurfaces based on the hydrogenation of metals has also received considerable attention. In different metals the incorporation of hydrogen into the lattice induces large changes in the optical properties of the materials . The extent of this hydrogenation, the required temperatures and partial pressures of hydrogen, depend on the material used.…”

Section: Adaptive Metasurfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Combining the change in optical properties with the plasmonic response of the material itself has provided interesting opportunities for palladium‐based plasmonic hydrogen sensing or active plasmonics with magnesium and yttrium . Magnesium, showing the most pronounced plasmonic switching contrast, has been employed in several metasurfaces for active wavefront control. In one study, the (de‐)hydrogenation transition of magnesium nanorods was exploited to achieve a switchable PB‐phase metasurface .…”

Section: Adaptive Metasurfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Metasurfaces: Evolving from Passive to Adaptive

Hail

Michel

Poulikakos

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

115

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of ultrathin, artificial surfaces, so-called metasurfaces, for manipulating the propagation of light at will. [1,2] Metasurfaces control the propagation of light by abruptly changing its phase, amplitude, polarization, or spectrum at a surface and within a thin (quasi-2D) layer using large arrays of optical scatterers with subwavelength separation. Ideally, each scatterer can be independently engineered in order to locally influence the wavelets of the impinging light, and therefore, arbitrarily reform the wavefront. This concept has been exploited to create a variety of flat optical elements such as beam deflectors, [3][4][5] lenses, [6][7][8] and holograms. [9,10] As compared to bulky refraction-based optical elements, these surfaces are of subwavelength or wavelength-scale thickness, which enables their integration into compact devices. A main feature of the majority of such flat optical elements is that they are passive, and once fabricated, their optical functionalities are invariable. A beam deflector of this kind will direct light of a certain wavelength and direction always into the same direction, or a lens will focus light always to the same focal point. A broad range of new applications could be enabled if it were possible to actively and reversibly change the functionality of metasurfaces after their fabrication. With such "adaptive" metasurfaces beam deflectors with adjustable angle of deflection, metalenses with variable focal length or dynamic holograms may be realized. Advances toward such active devices are highly relevant for applications such as light detection and ranging [11] (LIDAR) sensing for driverless cars, dynamic zoom lenses for miniaturized camera systems [12] (e.g., in smartphones), or holographic displays for augmented reality devices. [13] An adaptive metasurface allows for the dynamic adjustment of an optical functionality of the surface. As shown in Figure 1, for the specific case of a metalens, these surfaces can be categorized based on their degree of dynamic adaptivity. While a passive surface has a fixed functionality, a switchable metasurface allows for switching back and forth between two (or more) predefined states (e.g., switching between different focal lengths, deflection angles, or hologram images). A continuously tunable metasurface enables continuous adjustment of a property within a range (e.g., tunable focal length or deflection angle). Finally, a freely tunable metasurface allows for continuous, arbitrary adjustment of a property, for example, 3D adjustment of the focal point of the metalens shown in Figure 1. Adaptive functionalities can be added to metasurfaces with different methods, for example, by mechanically rearranging the scatterers on the surface with respect to each other, or modifying

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“…For the sake of simplicity, we decided to demonstrate the technology by using a gasochromic material, as shown in [35]. Thin magnesium films show a huge change of their optical properties by the absorption of hydrogen [36]. The material switches from a reflective metallic towards a dielectric transparent state.…”

Section: Switchable Photovoltaic Windowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrathin Nano-Absorbers in Photovoltaics: Prospects and Innovative Applications

Götz¹,

Osterthun²,

Gehrke³

et al. 2020

Coatings

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Approaching the first terawatt of installations, photovoltaics (PV) are about to become the major source of electric power until the mid-century. The technology has proven to be long lasting and very versatile and today PV modules can be found in numerous applications. This is a great success of the entire community, but taking future growth for granted might be dangerous. Scientists have recently started to call for accelerated innovation and cost reduction. Here, we show how ultrathin absorber layers, only a few nanometers in thickness, together with strong light confinement can be used to address new applications for photovoltaics. We review the basics of this new type of solar cell and point out the requirements to the absorber layer material by optical simulation. Furthermore, we discuss innovative applications, which make use of the unique optical properties of the nano absorber solar cell architecture, such as spectrally selective PV and switchable photovoltaic windows.

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Dynamic Optical Properties of Metal Hydrides

Cited by 119 publications

References 54 publications

Design for quality: reconfigurable flat optics based on active metasurfaces

Design for quality: reconfigurable flat optics based on active metasurfaces

Optical Metasurfaces: Evolving from Passive to Adaptive

Ultrathin Nano-Absorbers in Photovoltaics: Prospects and Innovative Applications

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