Dynamic of the human gut microbiome under infectious diarrhea

The, Hao Chung; Le, Son-Nam H

doi:10.1016/j.mib.2022.01.006

Cited by 32 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…Despite being the guideline-indicated antibiotic, CIP is rarely used for diarrhoea in this setting due to lack of availability and cost. Another reason could be during diarrhoeal episodes, there is gut dysbiosis that alters the gut composition [ 25 ] including resistant bacteria colonizing the gut. Thereby children presenting with diarrhoea would have a lower chance of carrying CIP non-susceptible E. coli compared to children without diarrhoea who have had the gut intact with colonized resistant bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes detected in Ciprofloxacin non-susceptible Escherichia coli and Klebsiella isolated from children under five years at hospital discharge, Kenya

et al. 2023

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Background The increasing spread of fluoroquinolone resistant enteric bacteria is a global public health concern. Children recently discharged from the hospital are at high risk of carriage of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) due to frequent exposure to antimicrobials during inpatient stays. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, correlates of ciprofloxacin (CIP) non-susceptibility, and distribution of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella spp isolated from children under five years being discharged from two Kenyan Hospitals. Methods E. coli and Klebsiella spp were isolated from fecal samples from children discharged from hospital and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) by disc diffusion and E-test. CIP non-susceptible isolates were screened for seven PMQR genes using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Poisson regression was used to determine the association between the carriage of CIP non-susceptible isolates and patient characteristics. Results Of the 280 CIP non-susceptible isolates: 188 E. coli and 92 Klebsiella spp isolates identified among 266 discharged children, 195 (68%) were CIP-non-susceptible with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ≥ 1 µg/mL. Among these 195 isolates, 130 (67%) had high-level CIP MIC = ≥ 32 µg/mL). Over 80% of the isolates had at least one PMQR gene identified: aac(6’)lb-cr (60%), qnrB (24%), oqxAB (22%), qnrS (16%), and qepA (6%), however, qnrA was not identified in any isolates tested. Co-carriage of qnrB with acc(6’)-lb-cr was the most predominant accounting for 20% of all the isolates. Ceftriaxone use during hospital admission and the presence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production were significantly associated with the carriage of CIP non-susceptible E. coli and Klebsiella spp. Conclusion CIP non-susceptibility is common among E. coli and Klebsiella spp isolated from hospital discharged children in Kenya. Carriage and co-carriage of PMQR, including the newly identified qepA gene, were frequently observed. These findings suggest that children leaving the hospital may serve as an important reservoir for transmission of resistant E. coli and Klebsiella spp to the community. Enhanced surveillance for AMR determinants is critical to inform interventions to control antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes detected in Ciprofloxacin non-susceptible Escherichia coli and Klebsiella isolated from children under five years at hospital discharge, Kenya

et al. 2023

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“…Emerging evidence indicates that the maternal gut and genitourinary tract microbiota play a role in the growth of the gastrointestinal and immune systems in offspring . Dysbiosis frequently arises after infections and has been associated with several human diseases, particularly inflammatory diseases . Theoretically, the pathogenic microorganisms in the maternal body cannot directly invade the fetus due to the presence of the blood-placenta barrier .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In humans, microbiotic dysbiosis, which refers to a disruption in the balanced microbiota composition, often occurs after viral or bacterial infections as well as systemic antibiotic administration . This condition is associated with tissue inflammation and immune dysregulation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Prenatal Infections and Biliary Atresia in Offspring

Wang,

Chiu,

Kuo

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceInvestigations into the association of antepartum maternal infections with the pathogenesis of biliary atresia (BA) in human offspring are insufficient.ObjectiveTo examine the association between prenatal infections in mothers and the development of BA in their offspring.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based case-control study obtained administrative data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database with linkage to the Taiwan Maternal and Child Health Database, capturing demographic and medical information on nearly all 23 million of the Taiwan population. The cohort comprised 2 905 978 singleton live births among mother-infant dyads between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2020, in Taiwan. The case group of infants with BA was identified from use of International Classification of Diseases diagnostic codes for BA and subsequent Kasai procedure or liver transplant. The control group was randomly selected from infants without BA, representing approximately 1 in 1000 study population. Data analyses were performed from May 1 to October 31, 2023.ExposurePrenatal maternal infections, including intestinal infection, influenza, upper airway infection, pneumonia, soft-tissue infection, and genitourinary tract infection.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was exposure to prenatal maternal infections. Inverse probability weighting analysis was performed by building a logistic regression model to estimate the probability of the exposure observed for a particular infant and using the estimated probability as a weight in subsequent analyses. The weighted odds ratio (OR) estimated by logistic regressions was then used to assess the risk of BA in offspring after prenatal maternal infections.ResultsAmong the mother-infant dyads included, 447 infants with BA were cases (232 females [51.9%]) and 2912 infants without BA were controls (1514 males [52.0%]). The mean (SD) maternal age at childbirth was 30.7 (4.9) years. Offspring exposed to prenatal intestinal infection (weighted OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.17-1.82) and genitourinary tract infection (weighted OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.05-1.41) in mothers exhibited a significantly higher risk of BA. Furthermore, maternal intestinal infection (weighted OR, 6.05; 95% CI, 3.80-9.63) and genitourinary tract infection (weighted OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.13-2.11) that occurred during the third trimester were associated with an increased risk of BA in offspring.Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this case-control study indicate an association between prenatal intestinal infection and genitourinary tract infection in mothers and BA occurrence in their offspring. Further studies are warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms of this association.

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“…Moreover, the presence of host-specific microbes is vital for the proper priming of the immune system [ 93 ]. The use of humanized mice (human-microbiota-colonized mice) revealed that host-specific Firmicutes are required for the differentiation and proliferation of T-cells [ 94 ]. Moreover, humanized mice had less protection against enteric infections than conventional mice colonized with mouse microbiota [ 93 ], suggesting that probiotics for microbial interventions might also need to be acquired from the relevant host ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Potential Use Of Microbial Interventional Tools To Improve N...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Interventions to Improve Neonatal Gut Health

Nakandalage,

Guan,

Malmuthuge

2023

Microorganisms

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The diverse pioneer microbial community colonizing the mammalian gastrointestinal tract is critical for the developing immune system. Gut microbial communities of neonates can be affected by various internal and external factors, resulting in microbial dysbiosis. Microbial dysbiosis during early life affects gut homeostasis by changing metabolic, physiological, and immunological status, which increases susceptibility to neonatal infections and long-term pathologies. Early life is crucial for the establishment of microbiota and the development of the host immune system. Therefore, it provides a window of opportunity to reverse microbial dysbiosis with a positive impact on host health. Recent attempts to use microbial interventions during early life have successfully reversed dysbiotic gut microbial communities in neonates. However, interventions with persistent effects on microbiota and host health are still limited. This review will critically discuss microbial interventions, modulatory mechanisms, their limitations, and gaps in knowledge to understand their roles in improving neonatal gut health.

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Dynamic of the human gut microbiome under infectious diarrhea

Cited by 32 publications

References 68 publications

Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes detected in Ciprofloxacin non-susceptible Escherichia coli and Klebsiella isolated from children under five years at hospital discharge, Kenya

Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes detected in Ciprofloxacin non-susceptible Escherichia coli and Klebsiella isolated from children under five years at hospital discharge, Kenya

Maternal Prenatal Infections and Biliary Atresia in Offspring

Microbial Interventions to Improve Neonatal Gut Health

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