Dynamic of plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter gene Pfcrt K76T mutation five years after withdrawal of chloroquine in Burkina Faso

Sondo, Paul; Derra, Karim; Tarnagda, Zékiba; Nakanabo, Seydou Diallo; Zampa, Odile; Valéa, Innocent; Sorgho, Hermann; Ouédraogo, Jean-Bosco; Guiguemdé, T. R.; Tinto, Halidou

doi:10.11604/pamj.2015.21.101.6437

Cited by 11 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Despite the implementation of ACT and the withdrawal of chloroquine, the frequency of the resistant allele 76T remained high in Franceville (93.8% in 2004, 96% in 2009, and from 70.6% to 96.3% between 2011 and 2014) and in all of Gabon (100% from 1995 until 2002, 97% from 2005 until 2007, and above 70% since 2008) 25,27,28,38. Recent studies conducted in Gabon from 1995 to 2008 showed an increased but non-significant amount of the wild-type allele K76, as shown in other studies in Sub-Saharan Africa 27,28,44–46. In South Gabon, the frequency of the resistant allele 76T was higher at 2009 47.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“… 25 , 27 , 28 , 38 Recent studies conducted in Gabon from 1995 to 2008 showed an increased but non-significant amount of the wild-type allele K76, as shown in other studies in Sub-Saharan Africa. 27 , 28 , 44 – 46 In South Gabon, the frequency of the resistant allele 76T was higher at 2009. 47 There can be a long delay in the selection of the T76 Pfcrt genotype, as shown in previous data from Zanzibar, where this selection was not observed in 2005 but clearly appeared in 2009.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> antimalarial drug resistance genes in Southeastern Gabon from 2011 to 2014

Voumbo-Matoumona¹,

Kouna²,

Madamet³

et al. 2018

IDR

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PurposeThe introduction of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) in treating uncomplicated malaria and sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine (SP) as intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy drastically decreased the burden of malarial disease around the world. However, ACTs are known to select for drug resistance markers. In Gabon, artemether–lumefantrine induced an increase in the prevalence of N86-Pfmdr1, which is associated with treatment failure. However, little data are available regarding resistance markers in Southeastern Gabon. This study aimed to evaluate the evolution of resistance haplotypes in the Pfcrt, Pfdhps, Pfdhfr, and PfK13 genes from 2011 to 2014 in Southeastern Gabon.MethodsA total of 233 Plasmodium falciparum DNA samples were collected from febrile pediatric patients in South Gabon: Franceville, an urban area; Koulamoutou, a semi-urban area; and Lastourville, a rural area. Pfcrt, Pfdhps, Pfdhfr, and the propeller domain of PfK13 were sequenced for all isolates.ResultsThe overall prevalence (3.7%–11.5%) of the wild-type haplotype Pfcrt 72-76 CVMNK was not significantly different between 2011 and 2014 in Southeast Gabon. For Pfdhfr (codons 51, 59, 108, 164), the IRNI triple-mutant haplotype was the most prevalent (>89.0%). The ICNI and NCNI mutant haplotypes and the NCSI wild-type haplotype showed a minor prevalence. There were no differences in the distributions of these haplotypes across the 4 years and the three study sites. For Pfdhps, the AAKAA and SGKAA mutant haplotypes and the SAKAA wild-type haplotype were similarly present in the three areas during the study period. The AGKAA double mutant was first observed in 2013 in Franceville and in 2014 in Koulamoutou and Lastourville. Interestingly, only the A578S mutation (0.4%) and two new A494V (0.4%) and V504A (0.9%) mutations were found in PfK13.ConclusionDespite the withdrawal of chloroquine, the frequency of the resistant allele 76T remained high in the south of Gabon. Moreover, a high level of resistant haplotypes against IPTp-SP was found.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> antimalarial drug resistance genes in Southeastern Gabon from 2011 to 2014

Voumbo-Matoumona¹,

Kouna²,

Madamet³

et al. 2018

IDR

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“…In Cape Verde it possibly reflects the limited recombination opportunity, due to the very low malaria transmission over the recent decades. Nevertheless, the identification of the wild-type allele K76 is in line with findings in other malaria regions, where AL is the predominant ACT [ 33 – 36 ]. Probably, due to lumefantrine, regimens tend to select wild-type pfcrt alleles [ 37 – 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Drug resistance profile and clonality of Plasmodium falciparum parasites in Cape Verde: the 2017 malaria outbreak

Leal

Ward

Campino

et al. 2021

Malar J

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Background Cape Verde is an archipelago located off the West African coast and is in a pre-elimination phase of malaria control. Since 2010, fewer than 20 Plasmodium falciparum malaria cases have been reported annually, except in 2017, when an outbreak in Praia before the rainy season led to 423 autochthonous cases. It is important to understand the genetic diversity of circulating P. falciparum to inform on drug resistance, potential transmission networks and sources of infection, including parasite importation. Methods Enrolled subjects involved malaria patients admitted to Dr Agostinho Neto Hospital at Praia city, Santiago island, Cape Verde, between July and October 2017. Neighbours and family members of enrolled cases were assessed for the presence of anti-P. falciparum antibodies. Sanger sequencing and real-time PCR was used to identify SNPs in genes associated with drug resistance (e.g., pfdhfr, pfdhps, pfmdr1, pfk13, pfcrt), and whole genome sequencing data were generated to investigate the population structure of P. falciparum parasites. Results The study analysed 190 parasite samples, 187 indigenous and 3 from imported infections. Malaria cases were distributed throughout Praia city. There were no cases of severe malaria and all patients had an adequate clinical and parasitological response after treatment. Anti-P. falciparum antibodies were not detected in the 137 neighbours and family members tested. No mutations were detected in pfdhps. The triple mutation S108N/N51I/C59R in pfdhfr and the chloroquine-resistant CVIET haplotype in the pfcrt gene were detected in almost all samples. Variations in pfk13 were identified in only one sample (R645T, E668K). The haplotype NFD for pfmdr1 was detected in the majority of samples (89.7%). Conclusions Polymorphisms in pfk13 associated with artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) tolerance in Southeast Asia were not detected, but the majority of the tested samples carried the pfmdr1 haplotype NFD and anti-malarial-associated mutations in the the pfcrt and pfdhfr genes. The first whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed for Cape Verdean parasites that showed that the samples cluster together, have a very high level of similarity and are close to other parasites populations from West Africa.

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“… 2003 NR NR 2.4% (7/294) 16% NR 35.4% 18.7% Some et al [ 78 ] 2005 NR NR NR NR NR 70.8% NR Thomsen et al [ 16 ] 2002 90% NR NR NR 35.8% (59/165) 28.8% NR Raman et al [ 17 ] 2002 96.1% NR NR 16% NR NR NR Duah et al [ 25 ]. 2005 2003: 50–98% 2003: 48–98% NR NR NR 2010: 40–80% 2010: 35% Sondo et al [ 79 ] 2005 NR NR 20.5% (120/584) NR NR NR NR NR not reported, PC policy change, CQ chloroquine, BF before, AF after …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of chloroquine resistance alleles in malaria endemic countries: a systematic review of burden and risk factors

Ocan

Akena

Nsobya

et al. 2019

Malar J

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Background : In order to reduce malaria-related morbidity and mortality during pregnancy, WHO recommends : Insecticide-treated mosquito nets, Intermittent Preventive Treatment of malaria in pregnancy, Prompt and effective case management. Nevertheless, several cases of resistance to Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine, used in intermittent preventive treatment, and to Chloroquine are reported in sub-Saharan Africa and in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The prevalence of malaria among pregnant women remains high in Africa in general, and in the Democratic Republic of Congo in particular. This issue leads us to conduct this study, which aims at proposing an alternative to SP for preventing malaria in pregnant women. Materials and methods : From June 1 to October 31, 2019, we enrolled pregnant women from five health facilities in Kisangani for randomized, single-blind controlled clinical trials to compare the efficacy of two intermittent preventive treatment regimens in Kisangani pregnant women, selected before 18 th weeks of amenorrhea. The first regimen consists of 4 doses of Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine starting at the selection time and spaced at least 4 weeks during pregnancy. Each dose is made of 3 tablets of 525 mg Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine. The second regimen consists of 2 doses of Mefloquine during pregnancy. The first dose is taken at the selection time and the second dose between the 28 th and 32 nd weeks of amenorrhea. Each dose is made of 3 tablets of 250 mg Mefloquine. The efficacy criteria for these two regimens are placental malaria parasitemia, low birth weight of newborn and maternal anemia at delivery. The safety criterion was the occurrence of major side effects. Discussion : There are not enough randomized clinical trials assessing the efficacy of Mefloquine for the intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in African pregnant women, hence the recommendation for clinical trials. The present study is the only one that conducts such assessment in a hyper-endemic area with resistance to Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine and Chloroquine. The findings are therefore intended to promote the use of Mefloquine as the best alternative to Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine in the intermittent preventive treatment of malaria. Clinical trial registration :

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Dynamic of plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter gene Pfcrt K76T mutation five years after withdrawal of chloroquine in Burkina Faso

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Prevalence of <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> antimalarial drug resistance genes in Southeastern Gabon from 2011 to 2014

Prevalence of <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> antimalarial drug resistance genes in Southeastern Gabon from 2011 to 2014

Drug resistance profile and clonality of Plasmodium falciparum parasites in Cape Verde: the 2017 malaria outbreak

Persistence of chloroquine resistance alleles in malaria endemic countries: a systematic review of burden and risk factors

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