Dynamic of lipid droplets and gene expression in response to β-aminoisobutyric acid treatment on 3T3-L1 cells

Abstract

Research on adipobiology has recognized the browning process of white adipocytes as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of obesity and related morbidities. Physical exercise stimulates the secretion of myokines, such as baminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), which in turn promotes adaptive thermogenesis. White adipocyte conversion to brown cells involves dynamic changes in lipid droplet (LD) dimension and in the transcription of brown-specific marker genes. This study analyzes the effect of different doses of BAIBA and at different days of development on 3T3-L1 cells by evaluating morphological changes in LDs and the expression of browning gene markers. Results suggested that the highest concentration of BAIBA after 4 days of differentiation produced the most significant effects. The number of LDs per cell increased in comparison to control cells, whereas the surface area significantly decreased. Brown adipocyte markers were up-regulated, but the effect of treatment was lost at 10 days of differentiation.The thermogenic program induced by BAIBA may reflect a rapid adaptation of adipose tissue to physical exercise. This connection stresses the beneficial impact of physical exercise on metabolic health.

Twenty years of histochemistry in the third millennium, browsing the scientific literature

“…Histochemistry was used in parallel with molecular techniques as the proper approach to mechanistically explain the molecular basis of different diseases; this special attention to the cellular mechanisms responsible for pathological processes may also explain the progressive decrease of the published articles on basic Cell biology. Consistently with the trend observed in Figure 2 , the papers on Experimental research and medicine have become more numerous: investigations were performed on animals in vivo 70-81 or on cultured cells, 82-89 as experimental systems for human pathologies, to elucidate the effects of the administration of physical or pharmacological agents. The papers on Developmental biology also increased: besides those on embryological development, 90-96 several ones were focussed on stem cells 97-101 and tissue regeneration.…”

Oxidative Stress and Nutraceuticals in the Modulation of the Immune Function: Current Knowledge in Animals of Veterinary Interest

“…Among these, capsaicin, oleuropein, p-synephrine from Citrus aurantium , DHA, and conjugated linoleic acid have been studied in in vivo and/or in vitro approaches. The efficacy of these molecules in inducing the plasticity of WAT towards a brown conversion was evaluated in culture cells through different methodological approaches, such as changes in lipid droplets (LDs) morphology [150], protein and gene markers, and mitochondrial dynamics [151].…”

Comparison of the Effects of Browning-Inducing Capsaicin on Two Murine Adipocyte Models

“…Different functions of white and brown adipose tissues are reflected by LD morphology (Colitti et al, 2018), so the different response to browning of 3T3-L1 and X9 cells under capsaicin and NE treatment can be appreciated from the LD dynamic analysis.…”

“…MRI_Lipid Droplets tool 1 , a macro of ImageJ 1.50b software 2 , was used to measure LD area (Bäcker, 2012). The images were analyzed as already described (Colitti et al, 2018). For each LD, the area surface (in μm 2 ), the maximum Feret diameter (MFD, in μm), and integrated optical density (IOD, dimensionless), were measured.…”