Dynamic motion monitoring of a 3.6 km long steel rod in a borehole during cold-water injection with distributed fiber-optic sensing

Abstract

Abstract. Fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) data find many applications in wellbore monitoring such as flow monitoring, formation evaluation and well integrity studies. For horizontal or highly deviated wells, wellbore fiber-optic installations can be conducted by mounting the sensing cable to a rigid structure (casing/tubing) which allows for a controlled landing of the cable. We analyze a cold-water injection phase in a geothermal well with a 3.6 km long fiber-optic installation mounted to a 3/4 in. sucker rod by using both DAS and distributed temperature sensing (DTS) data. During cold-water injection, we observe distinct vibrational events (shock waves) which originate in the reservoir interval and migrate up- and downwards. We use temperature differences from the DTS data to determine the theoretical thermal contraction and integrated DAS data to estimate the actual deformation of the rod construction. The results suggest that the rod experiences thermal stresses along the installation length – partly in the compressional and partly in the extensional regime. We find strong evidence that the observed vibrational events originate from the release of the thermal stresses when the friction of the rod against the borehole wall is overcome. Within this study, we show the influence of temperature changes on the acquisition of distributed acoustic/strain sensing data along a fiber-optic cable suspended along a rigid but freely hanging rod. We show that observed vibrational events do not necessarily originate from induced seismicity in the reservoir but instead can originate from stick–slip behavior of the rod construction that holds the measurement equipment.

On the Comparison of Records from Standard and Engineered Fiber Optic Cables at Etna Volcano (Italy)

“…This allows the monitoring of the strain rate along an optical fiber at high frequencies, with long distances, and with a high spatial interval [ 6 , 11 ]. Research in DDSS extends to applications such as borehole, infrastructure and urban activity monitoring [ 12 , 13 , 14 ], structure imaging [ 6 ], and natural hazards [ 15 , 16 , 17 ], amongst others.…”