“…However, research conducted so far on neural network-based models that may predict the behavior of an AGS system in wastewater treatment has been minimal [3,5,8,9]. The main challenge of modeling an AGS system resides in the complex physical, biological, and chemical processes involved, which include internal interactions among process variables and sludge characteristics [8]. On the other hand, the response surface methodology (RSM) is a versatile mathematical tool used for experimental design, modeling, and optimization [10].…”