Dynamic modeling of the electro-mechanical configuration of the Toyota Hybrid System series/parallel power train

Abstract

International audienceThe hybridization of the conventional thermal vehicles nowadays constitutes a paramount importance for car manufacturers, facing the challenge of minimizing the consumption of the road transport. Although hybrid power train technologies did not converge towards a single solution, series/parallel power trains with power-split electromechanical transmissions prove to be the most promising hybrid technology. In fact, these power trains show maximum power train overall efficiency and maximum fuel reduction in almost all driving conditions compared to the conventional and other hybrid power trains. This paper addresses the model and design of the electro-mechanical configuration of one of the most effective HEV power trains: case study of the 2nd generation Prius. It presents the simulation work of the overall operation of the Toyota Hybrid System (THS-II) of the Prius, and explores not only its power-split eCVT innovative transmission system but also its overall supervision controller for energy management. The kinematic and dynamic behaviors of the THS-II power train are explained based on the power-split aspect of its transmission through a planetary gear train. Then, the possible regular driving functionalities that result from its eCVT operation and the energy flow within its power train are outlined. A feed-forward dynamic model of the studied power train is next proposed, supervised by a rule-based engineering intuition controller. The energy consumption of the THS-II proposed model has been validated by comparing simulation results to published results on European, American and Japanese regulatory driving cycles

Design of Power-Split Hybrid Vehicles With a Single Planetary Gear

“…Equations (3)- (6) are the state space representations of the four useful operation modes shown in Figure 4, which consist of rotational dynamics of each powertrain component, and the internal force acting between gears on the PG is also included in the equation. Notice that not all operation modes require four equations to describe the dynamics; equations of disconnected powertrain components are irrelevant and can be eliminated.…”

“…Dynamics of the Prius configuration have been well studied [6,7] but they only describe that particular configuration. Kinematics of PGs have been reported in the literature [8], and the lever diagram providing a graphical representation has been widely used [9].…”

“…Often, fuel consumption is taken as the objective function; however, other performance attributes can be included, such as battery state of charge (SOC) fluctuation or emissions. Rule-based controls [6,12,13], the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) [14][15][16], the Pontryagin's minimum principle [17][18][19], and the dynamic programming (DP) techniques [20][21][22] have all been used to design power management algorithms of HEVs. Among them, only the DP technique guarantees global optimality over the problem horizon.…”

Effect of vehicular technology on energy consumption and emissions

“…Secondly, we have implemented macroscopic energy consumption models (COPERT and HBEFA), an instantaneous consumption model proposed by Demir et al [11], and the emission model emissions from traffic (EMIT) [12] which is used to quantify vehicle gas emissions generated by conventional ICE cars for a given traffic situation. Moreover, we have estimated the energy consumption and pollution emission in the case of the HEV using the 'Simulink of Toyota Prius' model [13,14]. We have presented the results in order to show the relevance of a microscopic energy consumption approach and also to quantify the contribution of the HEV technology in reducing both vehicle energy consumption and air pollution.…”

Approximate Completed Trace Equivalence of Three Dimensional t-Model Nonlinear Algebraic Hybrid Systems

“…Hybrid systems [1,2,3,4] have both the characteristics of continuous systems and discrete systems. They have the continuous variables dynamic processes and discrete event processes.…”