Dynamic modeling of AC arc development on ice surfaces

Zaniani, Changiz Tavakoli

doi:10.1522/18318935

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Many researchers have tried to characterize arcing by determining the arc constants using a relationship between arc voltage and current. However, very little has been done in terms of determining arc temperature, which is an important component of flashover modeling [7].…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…propagation cannot be carried out [7]. Concerning arc temperature, it has been assumed, without any experimental support, to have a constant value of 4,550 K during white arc propagation.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the dynamic model developed previously [7], knowing the exact values of different variables, such as arc length and temperature, and surface conductivity, is necessary for arc current simulation, otherwise this cannot be carried out at this stage. Thus, it is suggested to incorporate the results of spectroscopic temperature measurements with the dynamic model of arc propagation over an ice surface to improve it.…”

Section: Recommendations For Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spectroscopic investigation of arc over an ice surface /

Nekahi¹

2011

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Ice accumulation on insulators of overhead transmission lines and substations has been recognized as a major problem which may cause insulator flashover and power outages. This phenomenon starts with corona discharge activity and continues with the formation of partial arcs which may result in flashover. Due to the complexity of the process, resulting from surface interaction of discharge with the water film on the ice surface, is not yet fully understood. As for any other type of discharge, the knowledge of some parameters such as temperature and concentration of different species is necessary in order to describe the mechanisms involved. Moreover, to develop mathematical models for discharge propagation, an estimation of discharge channel conductivity is necessary. The current flows through this conductive channel and supplies the energy needed to sustain the ionization activity inside the channel. The conductivity of discharge channel is directly related to its temperature, which illustrates the need for discharge temperature measurements. Up to now, for an arc over an ice surface the temperature has been assumed to have a constant value of 5,000 K, but without any experimental support.The existence of Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE) is another important aspect for proposing theories and models, but this has not yet been verified for flashover on icecovered insulators. The verification of LTE condition requires information about temperature and concentration of different species, electron density and ionization level.The objective of this research is to augment our knowledge of flashover on icecovered insulators by measuring and calculating several important discharge column parameters. Measurement of rotational and excitation temperatures, and electron density during arc propagation are the first steps. The effect of discharge current, voltage type and polarity on the variation of the mentioned arc parameters should be also studied.Based on these data, the LTE condition could be examined.Spectroscopic plasma diagnostic is a non-destructive test method used to achieve the stated objectives. The emitted light from an arc over an ice surface was transmitted to a spectrometer. The time-resolved recorded spectra of arc were used to study the nature and concentration of ionized species. The gas and electron temperatures and electron densities were also measured using Boltzmann and Stark broadening methods.Measured rotational temperatures were found to vary from 4,000 K to 6,500 K, while the current increased from 200 mA to 700 mA during the discharge propagation. It was observed that under similar experimental conditions, the arc current intensity of DC+ arcs were hotter than that of DC-. Moreover, arc temperatures under AC voltage were lower than those of DC+, and close to that of DC-. The excitation temperature was measured at about 9,000 K and does not vary significantly with discharge current. As current increases, electron densities increased as well. For currents ranging from 200 mA to 700 mA, ...

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Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…propagation cannot be carried out [7]. Concerning arc temperature, it has been assumed, without any experimental support, to have a constant value of 4,550 K during white arc propagation.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recommendations For Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spectroscopic investigation of arc over an ice surface /

Nekahi¹

2011

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“…In the last decades, many nucleon-deuteron elastic [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] and breakup [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] scattering experiments at various energies below the pion-production threshold have provided an extensive database for the study 3NF effects. The addition of 3NF effects, in particular the role of the Δ resonance, reduces significantly the discrepancies between differential cross-section data and corresponding calculations excluding 3NF effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precision measurements of differential cross sections and analyzing powers in elastic deuteron-deuteron scattering at 65 MeV/nucleon

Ramazani-Sharifabadi

Ramazani-Moghaddam-Arani

Amir-Ahmadi

et al. 2021

Eur. Phys. J. A

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We present measurements of differential cross sections and analyzing powers for the elastic $$^{2}\mathrm{H}(\mathbf {d},d){d}$$ 2 H ( d , d ) d scattering process. The data were obtained using a 130 MeV polarized deuteron beam. Cross sections and spin observables of the elastic scattering process were measured at the AGOR facility at KVI using two independent setups, namely BINA and BBS. The data harvest at setups are in excellent agreement with each other and allowed us to carry out a thorough systematic analysis to provide the most accurate data in elastic deuteron-deuteron scattering at intermediate energies. The results can be used to confront upcoming state-of-the-art calculations in the four-nucleon scattering domain, and will, thereby, provide further insights in the dynamics of three- and four-nucleon forces in few-nucleon systems.

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“…Presently, there is an extensive database in nucleondeuteron scattering at different energies below the pionproduction threshold in elastic [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] and break-up [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] channels. 3NF effects are generally small in 3N systems except in limited parts of the phase space.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive measurements of cross sections and spin observables of the three-body break-up channel in deuteron-deuteron scattering at 65 MeV/nucleon

et al. 2020

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Detailed measurements of five-fold differential cross sections and a rich set of vector and tensor analyzing powers of the $$^{2}\mathrm{H}({\varvec{d}},dp){n}$$ 2 H ( d , d p ) n break-up process using polarized deuteron-beam energy of 65 MeV/nucleon with a liquid-deuterium target are presented. The experiment was conducted at the AGOR facility at KVI using the BINA 4$$\pi $$ π -detection system. We discuss the analysis procedure including a thorough study of the systematic uncertainties. The results can be used to examine upcoming state-of-the-art calculations in the four-nucleon scattering domain, and will, thereby, provide further insights into the dynamics of three- and four-nucleon forces in few-nucleon systems. The results of coplanar configurations are compared with the results of recent theoretical calculations based on the Single-Scattering Approximation (SSA). Through these comparisons, the validity of SSA approximation is investigated in the Quasi-Free (QF) region.

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Dynamic modeling of AC arc development on ice surfaces

Cited by 22 publications

References 44 publications

Spectroscopic investigation of arc over an ice surface /

Spectroscopic investigation of arc over an ice surface /

Precision measurements of differential cross sections and analyzing powers in elastic deuteron-deuteron scattering at 65 MeV/nucleon

Comprehensive measurements of cross sections and spin observables of the three-body break-up channel in deuteron-deuteron scattering at 65 MeV/nucleon

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