Dynamic modeling of a sensible thermal energy storage tank with an immersed coil heat exchanger under three operation modes

Nash, Austin L.; Badithela, Apurva; Jain, Neera

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.03.092

Cited by 69 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The simulations carried out by Raccanello, Rech & Lazzaretto (2019) using a one-dimensional model with a similar buffer tank configuration showed that the temperatures of each layer of the tank were all calculated within a 5% error compared to the experimental data. Another study for thermal energy storage in a water storage tank carried out by Nash, Badithela & Jain (2017) showed a root square mean error of 0.1 compared to experimentally obtained data using a model with 10 nodes, similar to the model developed as part of this study. Additionally, a de-stratification conductivity (kdestr) coefficient of 0.285 m -work carried out by Angrisani et al (2014) who developed and calibrated a one-dimensional thermal storage model using experimental data.…”

Section: Limitations and Validity Of The Modelsupporting

confidence: 67%

CO2 refrigeration system heat recovery and thermal storage modelling for space heating provision in supermarkets: An integrated approach

et al. 2020

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The large amount of recoverable heat from CO2 refrigeration systems has led UK food retailers to examine the prospect of using refrigeration integrated heating and cooling systems to provide both the space heating and cooling to food cabinets in supermarkets. This study assesses the performance of a refrigeration integrated heating and cooling system installation with thermal storage in a UK supermarket. This is achieved by developing a thermal storage model and integrating it into a pre-existing CO2 booster refrigeration model. Five scenarios involving different configurations and operation strategies are assessed to understand the techoeconomic implications. The results indicate that the integrated heating and cooling system with thermal storage has the potential to reduce energy consumption by 17-18% and GHG emissions by 12-13% compared to conventional systems using a gas boiler for space heating. These reductions are achieved despite a marginal increase of 2-3% in annual operating costs. The maximum amount of heat that can be stored and utilised is constrained by the refrigeration system compressor capacity. These findings suggest that refrigeration integrated heating and cooling systems with thermal storage are a viable heating and cooling strategy that can significantly reduce the environmental footprint of supermarket space heating provision and under the adequate circumstances can forsake the use of conventional fossil-fuel (natural gas) boiler systems in food retail buildings.

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Section: Limitations and Validity Of The Modelsupporting

confidence: 67%

CO2 refrigeration system heat recovery and thermal storage modelling for space heating provision in supermarkets: An integrated approach

et al. 2020

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“…The output equation of the state-space representation remains as in Equation (10). From Equations (10) and (12), it can be observed that the linearised model is valid only for a very small range of operation as the initial temperature differences ΔT li inside the tank may vary significantly. Furthermore, for fully charged or fully discharged conditions (i.e.…”

Section: Limitations Of the Linear Tes Model For Linear Observer Dementioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the state-space representation of the TES system in Equations (10) and (12), a transfer function between the average temperature of the tank layers T ave ¼ T 1 þ T 2 þ ⋯ þ T 5 ð Þ=5 and the mass flow rate _ m is given as:…”

Section: Control Of the Tes Tank Based On Its Socmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and verification of an effective state‐of‐charge estimator for thermal energy storage

et al. 2021

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Thermal energy storage (TES) is widely used in district heating and cooling systems (DHCS) to act as a buffer between the supply and demand schedules. The adequate control of charging and discharging modes of TES may improve the overall performance of a DHCS and, to this end, an effective regulation of its state-of-charge (SoC) is required. However, the calculation of SoC depends on the availability and accuracy of temperature measurements. A model-based observer for the calculation of the SoC of water-based TES tanks is presented. A dynamic model of a one-dimensional stratified water tank is adopted to develop the observer. Its effectiveness is assessed through 'model-in-the-loop' cosimulations, with the observer and the feedback control system being implemented in MATLAB/Simulink and a high-fidelity water tank component available in Apros being used as the plant model. Simulation results considering three different system configurations demonstrate that the model-based observer accurately estimates the temperature distribution within the tank, leading to an effective SoC computation and control-even in the case of sensor failure or upon limited sensor availability. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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“…The three main subsystems of the t-TPES are: (i) heating coil, (ii) heat pump, and (iii) heat engine. The heating coil is modeled as a resistive load with 98.5% efficiency [18]. The heat pump is modeled using a variable frequency drive (VFD), and V/f control is used for simple speed control of the induction motor [19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Integrated Electrical-thermal Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grid-Scale Ternary-Pumped Thermal Electricity Storage for Flexible Operation of Nuclear Power Generation under High Penetration of Renewable Energy Sources

et al. 2021

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In this work, the integration of a grid-scale ternary-Pumped Thermal Electricity Storage (t-PTES) with a nuclear power generation to enhance operation flexibility is assessed using physics-based models and digital real time simulation. A part of the electricity from the nuclear power generation is delivered to the grid, and the balance is used to power a heat pump that can be augmented by an auxiliary resistive load element to increase the charging rate of the thermal storage. This increases the thermal potential between hot and cold thermal stores (usually solid materials or molten salts inside large storage tanks). The thermal energy is transformed back into electricity by reversing the heat pump cycle. Different transient scenarios including startup, shutdown, and power change for grid-connected operation are simulated to determine the behavior of the hybrid nuclear-t-PTES system operating under variable loads that constitute a departure from conventional, baseload nuclear plant operation schemes. Ternary refers to the three modes operation: (i) heat pump (including heating coil), (ii) heat engine, and (iii) simultaneous operation of heat pump (including heating coil) and heat engine during changeover from pumping to generation or vice-versa. The controllability of t-PTES in the short timescales as a dynamic load is used to demonstrate operational flexibility of hybrid nuclear plants for flexible operation through advanced load management. The integration of t-PTES into nuclear power systems enhances the system flexibility and is an enabler for high penetration of renewable energy resources.

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Dynamic modeling of a sensible thermal energy storage tank with an immersed coil heat exchanger under three operation modes

Cited by 69 publications

References 30 publications

CO2 refrigeration system heat recovery and thermal storage modelling for space heating provision in supermarkets: An integrated approach

CO2 refrigeration system heat recovery and thermal storage modelling for space heating provision in supermarkets: An integrated approach

Design and verification of an effective state‐of‐charge estimator for thermal energy storage

Grid-Scale Ternary-Pumped Thermal Electricity Storage for Flexible Operation of Nuclear Power Generation under High Penetration of Renewable Energy Sources

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