“…The most promising ADR or capturing approaches that we introduce here are tethered space systems (TSS), propulsion systems, robotic arm, drag augmentation systems, and other contactless removal approaches [2,9,10]. The TSS generally include a tethered space net (TSN), a tethered space gripper (TSG), a tethered space harpoon (TSH) [11], electrodynamic tethers (EDT) [12], and a momentum exchange tether (MET), where TSN, TSG, and TSH, which are named as a tethered space robot (TSR) [12] and belong to debris capturing approaches [9], consist of three main parts [11]: base satellite, tether, and subsatellite; the subsatellite released using a spring ejection device is part of the base satellite until deployment, and the base satellite and subsatellite are connected by a tether [13]. The best known ADR mission called e.Deorbit of ESA's Clean Space initiative [10] will launch a derelict satellite in the LEO in 2023 and use the concept of TSN [14].…”