Dynamic modeling and simulation of a fluidized catalytic cracking process. Part II: Property estimation and simulation

Steady state multiplicity in an UOP FCC unit with high-efficiency regenerator

“…The operating conditions and unit dimensions are presented in Tables (1)-(3). The heats of formation of the combustion gases and of the coke used to calculate the heats of the combustion reactions are the same as those used by Han and Chung (2001), and are given in Table 2. In Table 1 the process variables were also classified as dependent or independent variables.…”

Modeling of vaporization and cracking of liquid oil injected in a gas–solid riser

“…Activation energies reported by Lee et al (1998) were therefore used in the present work (Table 1). The values of heat of formation for different components were specified in such a way that the heats of cracking reactions are same as those reported by Han and Chung (2000). The values of heat of formation used in the present work and corresponding heat of reactions are listed in Tables 2 and 3 respectively.…”

Comparison of model predictive control strategies for a fluidized catalytic cracker

“…The simulation of FCCs is performed at many different levels of detail [6,7,8,9,10,11,12], either for the riser or the regenerator. Even CFD models describe the behaviour of the riser [13] or the regenerator.…”

“…is used as the basis for describing the dense bed mainly composed of the bubbles and the emulsion phase with a high density of catalyst particles. Even, in this latter case, sometimes the bubbles are considered like the dense phase as a CSTR [15], sometimes as a plug flow system [9,10].…”