Dynamic Model of a Wind Turbine for the Electric Energy Generation

Abstract-The main topics of the Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) cover the specification, modeling, control, design, verification and testing. The CPSs implementation consists of reactive programs conceived using models that are capable to sustain the mentioned activities. Component diagrams (introduced by Unified Modeling Language) are used here for the architecture design, with the goal to split the CPS complexity into smaller entities that are easier to tackle. All the components are modeled by Fuzzy Logic Enhanced Time Petri Nets (FLETPNs) that can simultaneously describe the discrete event and the time discrete features. This unique and compact approach facilitates the control synthesis, the software design, the verification and the testing.An example of application to the control of a system composed of a wind turbine generator, a photo-voltaic generator and loads is used to show the model utilization and its benefits. I. APPROACHES OF THE CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMSCPSs integrate the dynamics of the physical processes with those of the software and communication. There are some surveys that present the main characteristics, the main domains where they are applied and the main topics of the CPSs [10], [11], [12]. The main topics of the CPSs cover the specification, the modeling, the control, the design, the verification and the testing. The CPSs implementation consists of reactive programs that are based on models that are capable to support the mentioned activities.The main goal of the current research is to conceive a control system that concurrently reacts to discrete events and continuous modifications of plant state. The target is a set of interacting dynamic models capable to approach the following specification:• the reaction to synchronous and asynchronous (plant) events that are signaled by continuous variables (instead of single level events) • the continuous time reaction to modification of some (plant output) variables • the reaction control signals that belong to continuous domains (the discrete domains, as the binary set, should be particular cases) Some reactions require the execution of activities involving non-ignorable durations and could have real-time constraints that have to be fulfilled. This requirement leads to the conclusion that the target model has to be capable to describe concurrent behavior.A relevant issue is to conceive a model that is capable to describe the controller behavior and its structure. A practical goal is to make possible the verification that the implemented model fulfills the specified requirements.The implementation of controllers on digital computers supposes that the information of continuous variables can be represented with a limited and tolerated accuracy (due to the limited length of the number representation) and the calculus can add other losses of the precision. On the other hand, the continuous time reactions are not possible to be implemented on digital computers. For this reason, instead of continuous time models, the discrete time models are used. The l...

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“…The discretization (by approximation) of the wind turbine model constructed of differential equations [14] leads to:…”

Section: B Plant Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method for Approaching the Cyber-Physical Systems

Leţia

Kilyen

2016

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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“…29, it is clear that ∫ 0 ‖ ( )‖ 2 < ∞ as → ∞; that is, ∈ 2 is satisfied. The boundedness of in (30) implies that ∈ ∞ . From the closed-loop dynamic equation (15) and boundedness of and , one can geṫ∈ ∞ .…”

Section: Remarkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To quantify the control performance, the root-mean square average of tracking error (based on the 2 norm of the tracking errors ) is given as follows [14,22,24,29,30]: where represents the total simulation time. Table 1 shows the 2 error norms for CTC method (Case 2) and the proposed adaptive robust quadratic stabilization tracking control method (Case 3).…”

Section: Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Robust Quadratic Stabilization Tracking Control for Robotic System with Uncertainties and External Disturbances

Peng

Liu

2014

Journal of Control Science and Engineering

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An adaptive robust quadratic stabilization tracking controller with hybrid scheme is proposed for robotic system with uncertainties and external disturbances. The hybrid scheme combines computed torque controller (CTC) with an adaptive robust compensator, in which variable structure control (VSC) andH∞optimal control approaches are adopted. The uncertain robot manipulator is mainly controlled by CTC, the VSC is used to eliminate the effect of the uncertainties and ensure global stability, andH∞approach is designed to achieve a certain tracking performance of closed-loop system. A quadratic stability approach, which allows separate treatment of parametric uncertainties, is used to reduce the conservatism of the conventional robust control approach. It can be also guaranteed that all signals in closed-loop system are bounded. The validity of the proposed control scheme is shown by computer simulation of a two-link robotic manipulator.

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