Dynamic millimeter-wave OAM beam generation through programmable metasurface

Bai, Xudong; Zhang, Fuli; Sun, Li; A, Cao; He, Chong; Zhang, Jin; Zhu, Weiren

doi:10.1515/nanoph-2021-0790

Cited by 46 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In 2020, Bai et al [161] presented experimetally a transmissivetype programmable metasurface with high efficiency. They further extended the operation bands of programmable metasurfaces from microwave to millimeter-wave frequencies [164] . Although these digital reconfigurable metasurfaces can realize various functions, their beam manipulation capability is very limited due to the use of only 1 bit digital coding.…”

Section: Programmable Metasurfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrically reconfigurable microwave metasurfaces [Invited]

et al. 2022

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Metasurfaces are ultrathin metamaterials constructed by planar meta-atoms with tailored electromagnetic responses. They have attracted tremendous attention owing to their ability to freely control the propagation of electromagnetic waves. With active elements incorporated into metasurface designs, one can realize tunable and reconfigurable metadevices with functionalities controlled by external stimuli, opening up a new platform to dynamically manipulate electromagnetic waves. In this article, we review the recent progress on tunable and reconfigurable metasurfaces, focusing on their operation principles and practical applications. We describe the approaches to the engineering of reconfigurable metasurfaces categorized into different classes based on the available active materials or elements, which can offer uniform manipulations of electromagnetic waves. We further summarize the recent achievements on programmable metasurfaces with constitutional meta-atoms locally tuned by external stimuli, which can dynamically control the wavefronts of electromagnetic waves. Finally, we discuss time-modulated metasurfaces, which are meaningful to exploit the temporal dimension by applying a dynamic switching of the coding sequence. The review is concluded by our outlook on possible future directions and existing challenges in this fast developing field.

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Section: Programmable Metasurfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrically reconfigurable microwave metasurfaces [Invited]

et al. 2022

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“…Metasurfaces have been extensively researched over recent years, owing to their extraordinary talents for the fine control over electromagnetic (EM) scattering [1][2][3][4][5]. Based on the advantages of low profile, low cost, and high integrity, metasurfaces have shown versatile potentials in many areas, such as dynamic scattering modulation [6,7], orbital angular momentum (OAM) beam generation [8][9][10], direct information transmission [11], energy harvesting [12], direction finding [13,14], and intelligent sensing [15,16]. Particularly, programmable metasurfaces have demonstrated their capacities in phase modulation for flexible beam forming through employing lumped components, which have exhibited significantly lower cost over conventional phased arrays using digital or analog phase shifters [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-Modulated Transmissive Programmable Metasurface for Low Sidelobe Beam Scanning

et al. 2022

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Programmable metasurfaces have great potential for the implementation of low-complexity and low-cost phased arrays. Due to the difficulty of multiple-bit phase control, conventional programmable metasurfaces suffer a relatively high sidelobe level (SLL). In this manuscript, a time modulation strategy is introduced in the 1-bit transmissive programmable metasurface for reducing the SLLs of the generated patterns. After the periodic time modulation, harmonics are generated in each reconfigurable unit and the phase of the first-order harmonic can be dynamically controlled by applying different modulation sequences onto the corresponding unit. Through the high-speed modulation of the real-time periodic coding sequences on the metasurface by the programmable bias circuit, the equivalent phase shift accuracy to each metasurface unit can be improved to 6-bit and thus the SLLs of the metasurface could be reduced remarkably. The proposed time-modulated strategy is verified both numerically and experimentally with a transmissive programmable metasurface, which obtains an aperture efficiency over 34% and reduced SLLs of about −20 dB. The proposed design could offer a novel approach of a programmable metasurface framework for radar detection and secure communication applications.

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“…3 Each photon in a vortex beam carries an orbital angular momentum (OAM) value of ℓħ, where ℓ is the topological charge or modal order and can take any integer value. 4 Theoretically, since the vortex beams with different modes are orthogonal to each other, they can be used to improve the utilization efficiency and increase the channel capacity by performing OAM multiplexing in the same spectrum. 5,6 Therefore, vortex electromagnetic waves can be widely used in high-capacity communication, 7 confidential communication, 8 and quantum information processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vortex electromagnetic waves were originally discovered and applied mainly in the field of optics, that is, the generation of vortex photons and vortex beams 3 . Each photon in a vortex beam carries an orbital angular momentum (OAM) value of ℓħ , where ℓ is the topological charge or modal order and can take any integer value 4 . Theoretically, since the vortex beams with different modes are orthogonal to each other, they can be used to improve the utilization efficiency and increase the channel capacity by performing OAM multiplexing in the same spectrum 5,6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamically tunable multimodal vortex beam generator based on reflective metasurface

Liang

Chen

2022

Int J RF Mic Comp-Aid Eng

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How efficiently generating a multi-mode vortex beam is the key to the new system of wireless communication technology based on orbital angular momentum. Due to the advantages of simple structure and flexible tunability of the metasurface, in recent years, people have been devoted to generating dynamic orbital angular momentum more simply and efficiently using programmable metasurfaces. To address the current problem of a single number of modes for generating orbital angular momentum vortex beams from metasurface, the programmable reflective metasurface structure has been designed to realize the function of dynamically tunable multi-mode of vortex beams. By loading two varactor diodes inside each metal patch to construct eight digital coding units, and using the programmable bias circuit to modulate the coding distribution and resonance characteristics on the metasurface in real-time, the metasurface obtains low reflection loss and stable reflection phase, and finally obtains vortex beams with mode numbers of ℓ = ±1, ℓ = ±2, and ℓ = ±3, respectively. The designed metasurface also has the advantages of a simple structure, small electrical size, and low profile, which has a large potential value in the communication of vortex beams and a perfect application in wireless transmission.

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Dynamic millimeter-wave OAM beam generation through programmable metasurface

Cited by 46 publications

References 46 publications

Electrically reconfigurable microwave metasurfaces [Invited]

Electrically reconfigurable microwave metasurfaces [Invited]

Time-Modulated Transmissive Programmable Metasurface for Low Sidelobe Beam Scanning

Dynamically tunable multimodal vortex beam generator based on reflective metasurface

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