Dynamic Metasurfaces Using Phase‐Change Chalcogenides

Ding, Fei; Yang, Yuanqing; Bozhevolnyi, Sergey I.

doi:10.1002/adom.201801709

Cited by 180 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…[ 20 ] This pronounced contrast between the phases originates from a unique bonding mechanism, referred to as “meta‐valent bonding.” [ 21–23 ] In particular, GST layers can be switched from the amorphous to the crystalline state by increased temperature or optical or electrical pulses. [ 24 ] They can be re‐amorphised using a melt‐quench process, where the crystalline GST is heated over the melting point and then rapidly cooled down on nanosecond time scales. [ 19 ] Intermediate crystallization states of phase transition can also be accessed, enabling continuous tuning of the material properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All‐Dielectric Programmable Huygens' Metasurfaces

Leitis

Heßler

Wahl

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

178

151

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Low-loss nanostructured dielectric metasurfaces have emerged as a breakthrough platform for ultrathin optics and cutting-edge photonic applications, including beam shaping, focusing, and holography. However, the static nature of their constituent materials has traditionally limited them to fixed functionalities. Tunable all-dielectric infrared Huygens' metasurfaces consisting of multi-layer Ge disk meta-units with strategically incorporated non-volatile phase change material Ge 3 Sb 2 Te 6 are introduced. Switching the phase-change material between its amorphous and crystalline structural state enables nearly full dynamic light phase control with high transmittance in the mid-IR spectrum. The metasurface is realized experimentally, showing postfabrication tuning of the light phase within a range of 81% of the full 2π phase shift. Additionally, the versatility of the tunable Huygen's metasurfaces is demonstrated by optically programming the spatial light phase distribution of the metasurface with single meta-unit precision and retrieving high-resolution phase-encoded images using hyperspectral measurements. The programmable metasurface concept overcomes the static limitations of previous dielectric metasurfaces, paving the way for "universal" metasurfaces and highly efficient, ultracompact active optical elements like tunable lenses, dynamic holograms, and spatial light modulators.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All‐Dielectric Programmable Huygens' Metasurfaces

Leitis

Heßler

Wahl

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

178

151

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Also, controlling the axial movement or angular orientation of the metalens via integrating with the microelectromechanical systems [24,25] and laterally actuating two separate cubic metasurfaces based on the Alvarez lens design [26] are novel approaches for tunable metalens. On the other side, procedures of including tunable materials into metasurfaces for changing the functionality, such as the use of liquid crystals [27], phase-change materials [28,29], graphene [30][31][32] or others are widespread in various devices. Dynamic responses of these materials enable active THz materials that are excited by external stimuli via photoexcitation, electric or magnetic bias and temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reprogrammable multifocal THz metalens based on metal–insulator transition of VO2-assisted digital metasurface

Kargar

Rouhi

Abdolali

2020

Optics Communications

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“…Chalcogenide phase change materials (PCMs) refer to alloy materials that include at least one chalcogenide element and can rapidly convert from amorphous to crystalline states under appropriate electrical/optical/thermal excitation. [ 1–8 ] During transformation from amorphous to crystalline states, the chemical bonds and degree of order of PCMs change significantly. [ 9–13 ] As a result, their electrical and optical properties also change drastically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Change Materials for Nonvolatile, Solid‐State Reflective Displays: From New Structural Design Rules to Enhanced Color‐Changing Performance

Tao

Wang

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

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can rapidly convert from amorphous to crystalline states under appropriate electrical/optical/thermal excitation. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] During transformation from amorphous to crystalline states, the chemical bonds and degree of order of PCMs change significantly. [9][10][11][12][13] As a result, their electrical and optical properties also change drastically. [12,[14][15][16] Because of the variability of their electrical properties (mainly resistance), PCMs have been widely used in nonvolatile electric fields, such as highdensity memories. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Because of the variability of their optical properties (mainly optical constants, [9,24,25] reflectivity, [26,27] transmission, [25,28,29] absorption, [30,31] and emissivity [32] ), PCMs been widely applied in nonvolatile photonic applications, such as all-photonic memories, [26,33,34] active absorbers, [35] filters, [25] lenses, [34,36] sensors, [36] displays, etc. [26,27,[37][38][39] Among the above optical applications, the PCM-based solid-state reflective display [27] is a revolutionary display technology. It has many advantages, such as high resolution, rich colors, and fast color switching over traditional technologies, such as electrophoresis and electronic ink display. The PCM-based solid-state reflective display has become the most promising portable display technology.Current research on PCM-based nonvolatile coatings for displays mainly focuses on designing multilayer film structures and improving their color-changing properties. Specifically, the related research can be roughly summarized into three aspects. First, Hosseini et al. [26,27,40] pioneered the new concept of PCMbased "non-volatile displays" in 2014, and then designed and developed Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 -and Ag 3 In 4 Sb 76 Te 17 -based four-layer display coatings with a metal/transparent dielectric/PCM/transparent dielectric structure. These coatings have high resolution, color tunability, and broad color gamut, [10] and thus can be applied to various opaque/transparent and rigid/soft substrates. Second, Cheng et al., [41,42] and Liu, [43] et al. systematically studied the effect of the thicknesses of transparent dielectric layer and Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 layer on the color rendering performance of coatings. They extended the color gamut of the coatings by optimizing the thickness of each film. Besides, they developed a Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 -based three-layer film system, which could reduce With the arrival of omnimedia era, there has been an increasing demand for energy-saving, colorful, and portable displays. Traditional display technologies, such as electrophoresis and electronic ink display suffer from low color switching speed and poor color richness. Due to their high performances, phase change materials (PCMs)-based nonvolatile, solid-state reflective display coatings have become the most promising materials for new portable display technology. Existing researches mainly focus on improving the color-changing performance of coatings by optimizing film structural parameters, but ignore...

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Dynamic Metasurfaces Using Phase‐Change Chalcogenides

Cited by 180 publications

References 113 publications

All‐Dielectric Programmable Huygens' Metasurfaces

All‐Dielectric Programmable Huygens' Metasurfaces

Reprogrammable multifocal THz metalens based on metal–insulator transition of VO2-assisted digital metasurface

Phase Change Materials for Nonvolatile, Solid‐State Reflective Displays: From New Structural Design Rules to Enhanced Color‐Changing Performance

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