Dynamic mechanical, ballistic and tribological behavior of luffa aegyptiaca fiber reinforced coco husk biochar epoxy composite

Abstract

In the current work, light weight epoxy bio‐composites are created for low‐cost technological applications using luffa aegyptiaca fiber and biochar particles derived from coco husk (CHB). This study aims to evaluate the effects of CHB particles added at different concentrations (3 vol% and 5 vol%) on the dynamic mechanical, ballistic and tribology behavior of epoxy composites constructed from luffa aegyptiaca fiber with different fiber loading (20%, 30% and 40 vol%). The composites are prepared using hand layup process provided with post curing operation. The combination of 3 vol% CHB particles and 40 vol% luffa aegyptiaca fiber having the improved viscoelastic properties by means of high storage modulus (5.05 GPa) and low loss factor (0.31). Moreover, this composite shows better ballistic properties in terms of low velocity impact energy (17.1 J). The optical image of impact damage behavior shows minimum damage of impactor on the composite and penetration effect found to be lower. This luffa aegyptiaca fiber reinforced epoxy composite also shows the lowest value of coefficient of friction (COF) with 0.48 and the lowest specific wear rate of 0.011 mm3/Nm. These epoxy composites made from luffa aegyptiaca fiber and CHB particles may be useful in a variety of engineering applications that can use materials for manufacture sporting goods, home furnishings, food packaging, and transportation.

Evaluation of tribological properties of silane‐treated rapeseed straw fiber reinforced friction polymer composites prepared by wet granulation

“…As the temperature increased, the wear rates of the samples all showed an increasing trend, and this trend was particularly pronounced in the 300–350 range. When the friction surface temperature increased, the resin binder gradually relaxed and thermally decomposed, and the filler particles embedded in it flaked off and filled the friction surface to form a three‐body wear, which further increased the wear rate 26 . Moreover, the wear rates of the RSF‐added specimens were lower than those of the unadded ones at all test temperatures, suggesting that the addition of RSF is beneficial to the improvement of wear resistance because it contributes to the formation of the tribo‐film.…”

“…When the friction surface temperature increased, the resin binder gradually relaxed and thermally decomposed, and the filler particles embedded in it flaked off and filled the friction surface to form a threebody wear, which further increased the wear rate. 26 Moreover, the wear rates of the RSF-added specimens were lower than those of the unadded ones at all test temperatures, suggesting that the addition of RSF is beneficial to the improvement of wear resistance because it contributes to the formation of the tribo-film. Figure 7B shows the comparison of the sum wear rate of the five samples, with the increase of RSF addition, the sum wear rate first decreases and then increases.…”

A method of obtaining the anisotropic complex moduli of carbon fibers by fitting

“…However, only the complex axial modulus of fibers can be measured by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and the radial complex modulus of fibers cannot be measured directly. [5][6][7][8] It has been confirmed that the damping of fibers cannot be ignored in composite design calculations. [2,3] There are three kinds of fiber damping assumptions: linear elasticity, [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] isotropic damping [5,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] and anisotropic damping.…”

“…However, only the complex axial modulus of fibers can be measured by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and the radial complex modulus of fibers cannot be measured directly. [ 5–8 ]…”

Synthesis and modification of poly (p‐phenylene terephthalamide) for production of light‐weight hybrid composite armors reinforced with polymer composite nanofiber mats

“…[34][35][36][37][38] Research efforts are therefore underway to develop different designs to improve the energy absorption capacity of para-aramid fabrics through interply/intraply hybridization with different types of synthetic and natural fibers, layering of different materials or matrices and impregnation with STF, micro/nano-particles or the combination of these. [39][40][41] However, the contribution of polymer-based nanofiber mats to the ballistic impact response of the textile laminated armor system has not yet been reported in the open literature, despite the promising improvement in the mechanical properties of composites with a very small nanofiber reinforcement (<10 wt%) due to their extremely high surface area/mass ratio.…”