Dynamic mechanical and thermal properties of fire‐retardant high‐impact polystyrene

Chang, Eng Pi; Kirsten, Rudy; Slagowski, Eugene L.

doi:10.1002/app.1977.070210814

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Antimony trioxide is usually used as a synergist with brominated compounds. Because many aromatic flame retardant compounds melt at a temperature higher than the melting temperature of HIPS, this affects the physical properties of the compounded plastic 21. High‐melting additives can phase‐separate and act as inert fillers in both the rubber and polystyrene phases, which decreases impact strength but may result in higher heat distortion temperature and higher modulus.…”

Section: Halogenated Flame Retardantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The correlation was derived between the degree of solubilization and physical properties of HIPS. Usually about 75 to 90% of Deca dissolves in the polystyrene phase which results in decrease of T g of 12 °C 21. The portion soluble in rubber phase leads to an increase of the glass transition temperature of the polybutadiene 23.…”

Section: Halogenated Flame Retardantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The portion soluble in rubber phase leads to an increase of the glass transition temperature of the polybutadiene 23. Antimony oxide antiplasticizes the grafted rubber phase but act as inert filler in the polystyrene phase 21. Interestingly, addition of some high‐density polyethylene helps prevent dripping when Deca + Sb 2 O 3 are used in HIPS 24…”

Section: Halogenated Flame Retardantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

New developments in flame retardancy of styrene thermoplastics and foams

Levchik¹,

Weil²

2007

Polymer International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This review provides an insight into new developments in flame retardancy of the broad class of styrenic polymers but mostly focuses on commercially important styrene thermoplastics, on some blends based on polystyrene as well as on polystyrene foams. Although halogen‐based systems continue to dominate in flame retardancy of styrenic polymers, various alternative systems are being developed. Especially, activity is observed with phosphorus‐based flame retardants, where some systems are already commercially available. There is also significant activity with nanocomposites, where good results in retarding flame spread have been achieved, but the problem of ignition resistance has not been solved yet. Critical discussion of various flame‐retardant systems developed for styrenics is given. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry

show abstract

Section: Halogenated Flame Retardantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Halogenated Flame Retardantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Halogenated Flame Retardantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

New developments in flame retardancy of styrene thermoplastics and foams

Levchik¹,

Weil²

2007

Polymer International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The concentration trend of HCPN does not follow the other analogues as closely ( Figure 5), possibly because HCPN (CAS# 15584-72-2; 17064-54-9) may also have been used separately as it was designed as an experimental flame retardant. 32 Br x Cl y Dec604 Analogues and HCPN in Lake Ontario Fish. Concentrations of the Dec604 analogues are summarized in Figure 4b and SI Table S4 for lake trout and lake whitefish from Lake Ontario.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Occurrence of Analogues of Dechlorane 604 in Lake Ontario Sediment and their Accumulation in Fish

Shen

Jobst

Reiner

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The dechlorane family of flame retardants, which includes Mirex (also known as Dechlorane), Dechlorane Plus (DP), and Dechloranes (Dec) 602, 603, and 604, were manufactured at a facility along the Niagara River, upstream of Lake Ontario. Some of these compounds remain in use. In a previous study, we found Mirex and Dec602 to have greater bioaccumulation potentials than Dec604 and DP based on calculated biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs). In this study, analogues of Dec604, containing fewer bromines and mixed substitutions of bromine and chlorine, were identified in Lake Ontario sediment and fish using high and ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometric techniques. The tribromo-Dec604 (Br3Dec604) analogue, known as Dechlorane 604 Component B (Dec604 CB), was present in lake trout and whitefish at concentrations of 10-60 ng/g lipid weight, approximately 50-200 times greater than concentrations measured for Dec604. In addition, BrDec604 and Br2Dec604 analogues, and mixed Br2Cl2Dec604, Br3ClDec604, Br2ClDec604, and BrCl2Dec604 analogues were also present. We have shown that solutions of Dec604 and Dec604 CB exposed to UV-light undergo photodebromination and give rise to the analogues found in sediment and fish. Dec604 CB and other lesser halogenated analogues of Dec604 show greater bioaccumulation potentials than Dec604, Dec602 and DP, based on BSAFs, which highlight the need to consider likely impurities and degradation products in the assessment of persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic compounds.

show abstract

“…Decreased ductility and toughness and increased modulus, could be attributed to the presence of phase-separated, hard and brittle brominated epoxy phase. High melting aromatic compounds were previously shown to act as inert fillers that are immiscible in both polystyrene and rubber phases increasing modulus but at the same time decreasing impact toughness [38,39]. Those fillers possessing very low interaction with the polymer phases were previously stated [38] to have a deteriorative effect on ductility and impact properties via dilution of the rubber phase and de-bonding at polymer/filler interfaces upon loading.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%