Dynamic measurement of mercury adsorption and oxidation on activated carbon in simulated cement kiln flue gas

Zheng, Yuanjing; Jensen, Anker Degn; Windelin, Christian; Jensen, Flemming

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2011.09.053

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Mercury has its own circulation mechanism and has only a negligible impact on the recirculation of sulfur, chlorine, potassium, and sodium. The work of Paone and Zheng et al , explain, in further detail, the mechanism of mercury release and capture.…”

Section: Circulation Of Inorganic Volatiles Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Circulation of Inorganic Elements in Combustion of Alternative Fuels in Cement Plants

et al. 2015

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Cement production is an energy-intensive process, which traditionally has been dependent on fossil fuels. However, the use of alternative fuels, i.e., selected waste, biomass and by-products with recoverable calorific value, is constantly increasing. Combustion of these fuels is more challenging compared to fossil fuels, due to lack of experience and different chemical and physical properties. When complete oxidation of fuels in the calciner and main burner is not achieved, they burn in direct contact with the bed material of the rotary kiln, causing local reducing conditions and increasing the internal circulation of S, Cl, Na, and K. Compounds containing these elements, such as alkali salts, evaporate when exposed to high temperatures and subsequently condense in colder parts of the plant. The transformation of the volatile inorganic species at different locations in the cement plant is important, because a high internal circulation affects the process stability and operation through formation of build-ups and blockages, ring formation, and shell corrosion, resulting in reduced clinker production, higher heat consumption, and kiln or plant stops. The present review describes the internal cycles of inorganic elements that are established within the cement plant and their dependence on process parameters. Special focus is given to the sulfur cycle. This cycle is intensified by CaSO 4 decomposition, making it sensitive to local reducing conditions.

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Section: Circulation Of Inorganic Volatiles Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Circulation of Inorganic Elements in Combustion of Alternative Fuels in Cement Plants

et al. 2015

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“…Besides sulfur, activated carbon impregnated with metal salts has demonstrated the competitive adsorption performance to those treated with sulfur. Copper salts, such as CuCl 2 and Cu(NO 3 ) 2 , have been extensively investigated as impregnation agents since they can not only increase the adsorption capacity of lowconcentration Hg 0 but also enhance the oxidation of Hg 0 into water-soluble Hg 2+ for activated carbon (Williams et al, 1997;Vidic et al, 2001;Kim et al, 2005;NguyenThanh et al, 2005;Lee et al, 2008;Lee et al, 2009a, b, c;Zheng et al, 2012;Li et al, 2013;Du et al, 2014;Liu et al, 2015;Yang et al, 2016a, b, c, d). Lee et al (2009a) suggested that activated carbon containing CuCl 2 may possess different sites available for Hg 0 oxidation and Hg adsorption, and the resulted oxidized Hg generated from the reactions between Hg 0 and CuCl 2 may be re-adsorbed at other available sites of the CuCl 2 -treated activated carbon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of Copper(II) Chloride Impregnation on Activated Carbon for Low-Concentration Elemental Mercury Adsorption from Simulated Coal Combustion Flue Gas

Tsai

Chiu

Chuang

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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In this study, the Hg 0 adsorption equilibrium and kinetics of a coconut-shell-based activated carbon impregnated with CuCl 2 were examined with respect to their resulting physical and chemical properties. Integrating the results from N 2 adsorption isotherm at 77 K, scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Hg 0 adsorption experiments under N 2 and simulated coal-combustion flue gases conditions, it was found that HCl pretreatment could enhance Hg 0 adsorption of crude activated carbon; the Hg 0 adsorption capacities of crude and HCl-pretreated activated carbon under N 2 condition were 95.8 and 225.4 µg g -1 , respectively. Additionally, CuCl 2 impregnation further increased the adsorption capacity of crude. The Hg 0 adsorption capacity of crude activated carbon with 8% CuCl 2 impregnation was 631.1 µg g -1 . However, the equilibrium Hg 0 adsorption capacity decreased when Cu loading exceeded 8 wt%, suggesting that adequate forms of surface Cu, O and Cl interacting with flue gas components and Hg 0 , as well as the presence of pores with specific size ranges allowing rapid transport of the Hg molecules into the interior of the activated carbon and as energy sinker govern the overall chemisorption process. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model could best describe the adsorption behaviors of tested samples under both test conditions, indicating that Hg 0 adsorbed on the activated carbon surface could be explained by bimolecular reaction mechanisms.

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“…Mercury is present in the combustion flue gas either as elemental mercury (Hg 0 ) or, in the oxidized form, as mercuric oxide (HgO), mercuric chloride (HgCl 2 ) and mercurous chloride (Hg 2 Cl 2 ) [5,6]. In flue gas from MSW incinerators mercury is mainly found as HgCl 2 [1] since there is a relatively high concentration of HCl; while elemental mercury is the prevailing form in emissions from coal combustion processes, due to the reducing properties of SO 2 [1,[7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of oxygen on adsorption of elemental mercury vapors onto activated carbon

Karatza¹,

Lancia

Prisciandaro

et al. 2013

Fuel

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Dynamic measurement of mercury adsorption and oxidation on activated carbon in simulated cement kiln flue gas

Cited by 22 publications

References 20 publications

Review: Circulation of Inorganic Elements in Combustion of Alternative Fuels in Cement Plants

Review: Circulation of Inorganic Elements in Combustion of Alternative Fuels in Cement Plants

Influences of Copper(II) Chloride Impregnation on Activated Carbon for Low-Concentration Elemental Mercury Adsorption from Simulated Coal Combustion Flue Gas

Influence of oxygen on adsorption of elemental mercury vapors onto activated carbon

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