Dynamic material properties of the tectorial membrane: a summary

Freeman, Dennis M.; Abnet, Christian C.; Hemmert, Werner; Tsai, B.; Weiß, Thomas

doi:10.1016/s0378-5955(03)00073-x

Cited by 37 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…While previous studies have demonstrated the importance of TM stiffness in cochlear mechanics [2,3,5,6,13,15], our results suggest that shear viscosity is also an essential material property of the TM. Specifically, our results show 080003-2 that TM stiffness alone cannot explain the hearing phenotypes of Tecta Y1870C/+ and Tectb -/-mutant mice.…”

Section: Importance Of Tm Shear Viscositycontrasting

confidence: 73%

Tectorial membrane porosity controls spread of excitation and tuning in the cochlea

Sellon

Ghaffari

Farrahi

et al. 2015

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Section: Importance Of Tm Shear Viscositycontrasting

confidence: 73%

Tectorial membrane porosity controls spread of excitation and tuning in the cochlea

Sellon

Ghaffari

Farrahi

et al. 2015

AIP Conference Proceedings

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“…However, the TM has been shown to behave as a viscoelastic material (21,27), where its stiffness depends on the rate of stress or rate of strain. We predict that the mechanical differences observed in our pseudostatic measurements will be enhanced in dynamicmechanical measurements conducted under physiologically relevant conditions, i.e., in the functional auditory frequency range at nanometer amplitudes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the major shortcomings of these studies is the nonphysiological large-scale displacements (tens of microns) that were used to characterize TM properties. Recently, Freeman et al (21) measured the stiffness of isolated mouse TM samples, during submicrometer displacements, using magnetic beads having a diameter of 10 m. More recently, the shear modulus of TM samples isolated from guinea pigs was probed with an atomic force microscope (AFM) using nano-and microscaled indenters (Ϸ20 nm and Ϸ10 m in diameter, respectively) (22). In that AFM study, the mechanical properties of the TM appeared similar as a function of longitudinal position.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of the mechanical properties of isolated tectorial membrane using atomic force microscopy

Gueta

Barlam²,

Shneck

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The tectorial membrane (TM) is an extracellular matrix situated over the sensory cells of the cochlea. Its strategic location, together with the results of recent TM-specific mutation studies, suggests that it has an important role in the mechanism by which the cochlea transduces mechanical energy into neural excitation. A detailed characterization of TM mechanical properties is fundamental to understanding its role in cochlear mechanics. In this work, the mechanical properties of the TM are characterized in the radial and longitudinal directions using nano-and microindentation experiments conducted by using atomic force spectroscopy. We find that the stiffness in the main body region and in the spiral limbus attachment zone does not change significantly along the length of the cochlea. The main body of the TM is the softest region, whereas the spiral limbus attachment zone is stiffer, with the two areas having averaged Young's modulus values of 37 ؎ 3 and 135 ؎ 14 kPa, respectively. By contrast, we find that the stiffness of the TM in the region above the outer hair cells (OHCs) increases by one order of magnitude in the longitudinal direction, from 24 ؎ 4 kPa in the apical region to 210 ؎ 15 kPa at the basilar end of the TM. Scanning electron microscopy analysis shows differences in the collagen fiber arrangements in the OHC zone of the TM that correspond to the observed variations in mechanical properties. The longitudinal increase in TM stiffness is similar to that found for the OHC stereocilia, which supports the existence of mechanical coupling between these two structures.cochlea ͉ collagen fibers ͉ indentation ͉ hearing T he tectorial membrane (TM) is a heterogeneous and gelatinous extracellular matrix. It is located in the cochlea, which transduces mechanical audio stimuli into an electrical signal. Under physiological conditions, 97% of the weight of the TM is water, whereas the remainder is composed of proteins and protoglycans (1). Nearly half of these proteins are collagens, principally of type II, which form fibrils that are assembled along the radial direction (Fig. 1A); at the surface of the TM, which faces away from the hair-cells, they form a mesh-like structure called the covering net.Structurally, the TM spans the entire length of the cochlea and is Ϸ100 m wide and 50 m thick. It is strategically situated over the sensory cells of the cochlea: the outer (OHCs) and inner (IHCs) hair cells (Fig. 1B). The electromotility of OHCs is thought to play a central role in the cochlear mechanicalelectrical transduction process (2, 3), whereas IHCs synapse directly with the auditory nerve (4). Upon auditory stimulation, deflection of the stereocilium bundles, which exist both in OHCs and IHCs, directly converts the mechanical energy into an electrical signal. This conversion is the physiological function of these cells. An additional function of the OHCs is electromechanical transduction. Whereas the stereocilia of OHCs are physically embedded in the lower surface of the TM, the stereocilia of the IHC ar...

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“…In another set of experiments, Freeman et al (2003a;2003b) placed a section of mouse TM membrane in a cell-tack coated chamber and vibrated this chamber with a piezo actuator at frequencies between 10 and 14 kHz. At the same time, they recorded the mechanically induced vibrations of the TM with an atomic force cantilever with known mechanical impedance.…”

Section: Tectorial Membranementioning

confidence: 99%

Basilar Membrane and Tectorial Membrane Stiffness in the CBA/CaJ Mouse

Teudt

Richter

2014

JARO

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The mouse has become an important animal model in understanding cochlear function. Structures, such as the tectorial membrane or hair cells, have been changed by gene manipulation, and the resulting effect on cochlear function has been studied. To contrast those findings, physical properties of the basilar membrane (BM) and tectorial membrane (TM) in mice without gene mutation are of great importance. Using the hemicochlea of CBA/CaJ mice, we have demonstrated that tectorial membrane (TM) and basilar membrane (BM) revealed a stiffness gradient along the cochlea. While a simple spring mass resonator predicts the change in the characteristic frequency of the BM, the spring mass model does not predict the frequency change along the TM. Plateau stiffness values of the TM were 0.6±0.5, 0.2± 0.1, and 0.09±0.09 N/m for the basal, middle, and upper turns, respectively. The BM plateau stiffness values were 3.7±2.2, 1.2±1.2, and 0.5±0.5 N/m for the basal, middle, and upper turns, respectively. Estimations of the TM Young's modulus (in kPa) revealed 24.3±25.2 for the basal turns, 5.1±4.5 for the middle turns, and 1.9±1.6 for the apical turns. Young's modulus determined at the BM pectinate zone was 76.8±72, 23.9±30.6, and 9.4±6.2 kPa for the basal, middle, and apical turns, respectively. The reported stiffness values of the CBA/CaJ mouse TM and BM provide basic data for the physical properties of its organ of Corti.

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Dynamic material properties of the tectorial membrane: a summary

Cited by 37 publications

References 60 publications

Tectorial membrane porosity controls spread of excitation and tuning in the cochlea

Tectorial membrane porosity controls spread of excitation and tuning in the cochlea

Measurement of the mechanical properties of isolated tectorial membrane using atomic force microscopy

Basilar Membrane and Tectorial Membrane Stiffness in the CBA/CaJ Mouse

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