Dynamic manipulation of a laser beam using a liquid crystal spatial light modulator

Boruah, Bosanta R.

doi:10.1119/1.3054349

Cited by 69 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Modern optical hardware has enabled the patterning of light at high resolution through the development of microprojection systems and spatial light modulators, such as digital micromirror devices (DMDs) and liquid-crystal displays. 3 The use of DMD technology has already been adopted to achieve spatial patterning in a variety of optogenetic applications, such as isolation of single neurons and spatial activation of structures in brain slices. [4][5][6][7][8] Such a spatial approach in the cortex would build upon previous temporal approaches for studying the hemodynamic response with optogenetics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterned Optogenetic Modulation of Neurovascular and Metabolic Signals

Richner

Baumgartner

Brodnick

et al. 2014

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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The hemodynamic and metabolic response of the cortex depends spatially and temporally on the activity of multiple cell types. Optogenetics enables specific cell types to be modulated with high temporal precision and is therefore an emerging method for studying neurovascular and neurometabolic coupling. Going beyond temporal investigations, we developed a microprojection system to apply spatial photostimulus patterns in vivo. We monitored vascular and metabolic fluorescence signals after photostimulation in Thy1-channelrhodopsin-2 mice. Cerebral arteries increased in diameter rapidly after photostimulation, while nearby veins showed a slower smaller response. The amplitude of the arterial response was depended on the area of cortex stimulated. The fluorescence signal emitted at 450/100 nm and excited with ultraviolet is indicative of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, an endogenous fluorescent enzyme involved in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. This fluorescence signal decreased quickly and transiently after optogenetic stimulation, suggesting that glucose metabolism is tightly locked to optogenetic stimulation. To verify optogenetic stimulation of the cortex, we used a transparent substrate microelectrode array to map cortical potentials resulting from optogenetic stimulation. Spatial optogenetic stimulation is a new tool for studying neurovascular and neurometabolic coupling.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterned Optogenetic Modulation of Neurovascular and Metabolic Signals

Richner

Baumgartner

Brodnick

et al. 2014

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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“…It should be noted that all the phase techniques and elements (such as the holographic technique and the forked grating) described in the previous section can be implemented using an active SLM such as LCoS. 74,92,93 The required holograms are calculated using the mathematical expressions described in earlier sections for generation of OAM modes. Let us consider the generation of OAM modes of azimuthal order ðlÞ equal 1 to 6.…”

Section: Generation Using Holographic Optical Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation and decomposition of scalar and vector modes carrying orbital angular momentum: a review

et al. 2019

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Orbital angular momentum (OAM), one of the most recently discovered degrees of freedom of light beam field has fundamentally revolutionized optical physics and its technological capabilities. Optical beams with OAM have enabled a large variety of applications, including super-resolution imaging, optical trapping, classical and quantum optical communication, and quantum computing, to mention a few. To enable these and several other emerging applications, optical beams with OAM have been generated using a variety of methods and technologies, such as a simple astigmatic lens pair, one-/two-dimensional holographic optical elements, threedimensional spiral phase plates, optical fibers, and recent entrants such as metasurfaces. All these techniques achieve spatial light modulation and can be implemented with either passive elements or active devices, such as liquid crystal on silicon and digital micromirror devices. Many of these devices and technologies are not only used for the generation of amplitude phase-polarization structured light beams but are also capable of analyzing them. We have attempted to encompass a wide variety of such technologies as well as a few emerging methodologies, broadly categorized into generation and detection protocols. We address the needs of scientists and engineers who desire to generate/detect OAM modes and are looking for the technique (active or passive) best suited for their application. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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“…Since this article is not dedicated to the functioning of the SLM, readers are directed to past articles in this journal for more detailed and simplified explanations of its capabilities. 38,39 B. Experimental procedure Methods to generate superimposed Gaussian and vortex modes include interferometric techniques, 18 where a fork hologram is placed in one of the arms of the interferometer.…”

Section: A Spatial Light Modulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing digital holograms to create and measure complex-plane optical fields

Dudley

Majola

Chetty

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physics

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The coherent superposition of a Gaussian beam with an optical vortex can be mathematically described to occupy the complex plane. We provide a simple analogy between the mathematics, in the form of the complex plane, and the visual representation of these two superimposed optical fields. We provide detailed instructions as to how one can experimentally produce, measure, and control these fields with the use of digital holograms encoded on a spatial light modulator.

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Dynamic manipulation of a laser beam using a liquid crystal spatial light modulator

Cited by 69 publications

References 10 publications

Patterned Optogenetic Modulation of Neurovascular and Metabolic Signals

Patterned Optogenetic Modulation of Neurovascular and Metabolic Signals

Generation and decomposition of scalar and vector modes carrying orbital angular momentum: a review

Implementing digital holograms to create and measure complex-plane optical fields

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